-
nutrients
chemical substance supplied by the environment required for survival
-
macronutients
carbohydrates,lipids and protein
-
micronutrients
vitamins and minerals
-
essential nutrients
nutrients that the body cannont synthesize and must be added to diet
-
nonessential nutrients
nutrients that the body can synthesize
-
carbohydrates
energy source
-
monosaccharides
glucose,sucrose and galactose
-
disaccharides
sucrose, maltose and lactose
-
polysaccarides
starch, glycose and cellulose
-
glycogenesis
process of formation of glycogen from glucose
-
lipogenesis
process of the formation of fat from carbohydrates
-
lipids
energy source. building block- fatty acids and glycerol
-
essential fatty acids
fatty acids that the body cannot synthesize
example: linoleic acid
-
non essential fatty acid
- Fatty acid that the body can synthesize.
- Protein: for growth and repair of tissue, also energy source
-
complete protein
protein that contains all of the essential amino acid
-
incomplete protein
protein that lack one or more essential amino acid
-
proteins found in muscles
hormones, plasma, hemoglobin & enzymes
-
Animals protein vs. plant protein
animal protein is complete protein while plant proteins are incomplete
-
fat soluable vitamin
A,D,E,K(ADEK)
-
Water soluable vitamins
B,C
-
vitamin A
visual pigments
-
vitamin D
absorption of calcium from the small intestine
-
vitamin K
for blood clotting
-
macrominerals
needed in large amounts. calcium, phosphorus,sodium, chlorine
-
microminerals
needed in small or trace amounts.
-
iodine(micromineral)
for the thyroid
-
iron(micromineral)
for hemoglobin
-
fluorine(micromineral)
for the teeth
-
Calcium(micromineral)
for bone
-
calculate total calories supplied by given food
- 1 gram of carbohydrate yeilds 4 calories
- 1 gram of protein yields 4 calories
- 1 gram of _______yields 9.5 calories
|
|