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nutrients
chemical substance supplied by the environment required for survival
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macronutients
carbohydrates,lipids and protein
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micronutrients
vitamins and minerals
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essential nutrients
nutrients that the body cannont synthesize and must be added to diet
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nonessential nutrients
nutrients that the body can synthesize
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carbohydrates
energy source
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monosaccharides
glucose,sucrose and galactose
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disaccharides
sucrose, maltose and lactose
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polysaccarides
starch, glycose and cellulose
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glycogenesis
process of formation of glycogen from glucose
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lipogenesis
process of the formation of fat from carbohydrates
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lipids
energy source. building block- fatty acids and glycerol
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essential fatty acids
fatty acids that the body cannot synthesize
example: linoleic acid
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non essential fatty acid
- Fatty acid that the body can synthesize.
- Protein: for growth and repair of tissue, also energy source
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complete protein
protein that contains all of the essential amino acid
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incomplete protein
protein that lack one or more essential amino acid
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proteins found in muscles
hormones, plasma, hemoglobin & enzymes
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Animals protein vs. plant protein
animal protein is complete protein while plant proteins are incomplete
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fat soluable vitamin
A,D,E,K(ADEK)
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Water soluable vitamins
B,C
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vitamin A
visual pigments
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vitamin D
absorption of calcium from the small intestine
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vitamin K
for blood clotting
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macrominerals
needed in large amounts. calcium, phosphorus,sodium, chlorine
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microminerals
needed in small or trace amounts.
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iodine(micromineral)
for the thyroid
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iron(micromineral)
for hemoglobin
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fluorine(micromineral)
for the teeth
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Calcium(micromineral)
for bone
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calculate total calories supplied by given food
- 1 gram of carbohydrate yeilds 4 calories
- 1 gram of protein yields 4 calories
- 1 gram of _______yields 9.5 calories
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