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Types of Child Maltreatment
- Physical Abuse
- Sexual Abuse
- Neglect
- Emotional or psychological abuse
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Physical Abuse
- Nonaccidental injury inflicted by a caregive on a child 17 years old or younger. Can include Munchausen by proxy (pretend or induce illness in child in order to attract medical attention)
- Cultural practices may be seen as physical abuse but are not ("coining" among some Asian cultures)
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Factors to Consider in Determining if the Injury is Result of Phsyical Abuse:
- Child's level of development
- Pattern and size of injury
- Location of injury
- Caregiver's explanation of injury
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Sexaul Abuse
Any sexual activity with a child where consent is not or cannot be given
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CAPTA defines it as:
"Employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement or coercion of any child to engage in, or assist any other person to engage in, any sexually explicit conduct or any simulation of such conduct for the purpose of producing any visual depiction of such conduct; or rape, and in cases of caretake or inter-familial relationships, statutory rape, molestation, prostitution, or other form of sexual exploitation of children or incest with children."
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Neglect
Act of omission by a caregiver responsible for the child, whether intentional or not, that results in physical, emotional, social, or cognitive, harm, either presently or in the future. (Non-organic failure to thrive).
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Emotional or Psychological Abuse
Repeated pattern of caregiver behavior or extreme incident(s) that convey to children that they are worthless, flawed, unloved, unwanted, endangered, or only of value in meeting another's needs.
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Pederasty
- Men using boys for sexual relationships
- Not acceptable to the Romans
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Infanticide
- Killing of infants and young children
- Was not legally a crime until 318 C.E. and was made punishable by death in 374 C.E.
- Used as a means of controlling the population. No adequate contraceptive techniques, and the medical knowledge for abortion did not exist. Some argue that it was a crude, though not altogether callous, means of controlling family size.
- Sacrifice to gods
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Incest Taboo
- Universally unlwaful; unethical
- Leviticus 18:7, 9-18
- Prohibition against sex with blood relatives is universal
- Incestuous relationships are barriers to a child's autonomous development. Incestuous families demonstrate disorganization and dysfunction.
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