Psychology

Psychology

empirical

Critical thinking

Ask Questions
Define Your Terms
Examine the Evidence
Analyze Assumptions and Biases
Avoid Emotional Reasoning
Don’t Oversimplify
Consider Other Interpretations
Tolerate Uncertainty

the study that assumes and attempts to interpret theinfluence of the heavenly bodies on human affairs.

the beliefthat certain mental faculties and character traits are indicated bythe configurations of the skull.

the art of determining characteror personal characteristics from the form or features of thebody, especially of the face.

art of characterization and foretelling the future through the study of the palm

study and analysis of handwriting

study of the purported mystical relationship between a count or measurement and life.

first psychologist

-early 1970s
- Analyzes the
influence of social inequities on gender relations and on the behavior of the
two sexes

-1960s
-Emphasizes free will, personal growth, resilience, and the achievement of human potential
-behavior is not completely determined by either unconscious conflicts or the environment
-Goal is to help people express themselves creatively and achieve their full potential

the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than
for its practical application

study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance; also, the
application of psychological findings

1. Anyone who does any kind of psychotherapy
2. Not legally regulated

1.practices one particular form of therapy-psychoanalysis
2. Must get specialized training at a psychoanalytic institute and undergo extensive
psychoanalysis themselves

1.(M.D.) who has done a three-year residency in psychiatry to learn how to
diagnose and treat mental disorders
2. Some do research on mental problems instead of, or in addition to, working with patients
3. In private practice, they may treat any kind of emotional disorder; in hospitals, they treat the most severe disorders, such as major depression &
schizophrenia
4. More likely to focus on possible biological causes of mental disorders and to treat these
problems with medication
5. Often uneducated in current psychological theories and methods

behavior based on the 4 humors: blood, black & yellow bile

conduct laboratory studies of:
learning
motivation
emotion
sensation
perception
physiology
cognition

study psychological principles that explain learning and search for ways to improve educational systems

study how people change and grow over time physically, mentally, and socially

study behavior in the workplace, concerned with: group decision making
employee morale
work motivation
productivity
job stress
personnel selection
marketing strategies
equipment design

design and evaluate tests of :
mental abilities
aptitudes
interests
personality

goal is to understand and improve people’s physical and mental health

help people deal with problems of everyday life, such as test anxiety, family conflicts, or low job
motivation

work with parents, teachers, and students to enhance students’ performance and resolve emotional difficulties

Diagnose, treat,and study mental or emotional problems

beliefs that are taken for granted

when an assumption or belief keeps us form considering the evidence fairly

generalizing from personal experience or from a few examples to everyone

when faced with competing hypotheses that are equal in other respects, selecting the one that makes the fewest new assumptions

focuses on the qualities that enable people to be:
happy
optimistic
resilient in times of stress

a scholarly project involving research that contributes to the knowledge of the fiield