History 102 Test 1

"Alone Before God"(A new world belief)

Biggest Instigator- Martin Luther

16th Century

Catholic Ministry started these, they were theological instruments

-Paying to reduce the amount of years in Purgatory or forgive sins, could buy for you or for someone else.

Martin Luther thought indulgences to be a sign of greed, hypocrisy and the moral rot of the church

• Instigated Protestantism
• Devout Christian
• wrote 95 Theses(why church was wrong)

Book written by Martin Luther

Mainly discussed 95 reasons about how the church was wrong

means "Faith Alone"

This was Luther's core idea, that faith alone will save a man

• Catholic attempt to reform itself in response to Luther's attack
• The Council of Trent and Society of Jesus were the two main institutions devoted to this idea
• This is where the Tridentine Creed was formed

Scholars... Also known as Jesuits

• Where most of the laws are written for Catholicism and/or Creeds
• ex. Tridentine Creed, Nicene Creed

That the Sun was the center of the Solar System, not the Earth

• Proved the Heliocentric Model
• Church imprisoned him by Inquisition for going against their teachings and forced to recant

• Prague(an important city) became Protestant
• Emporer sent 2 ministers to make them renounce Protestentism and they were Defenestrated(Thrown out of window)
• Started 30 Year War

• A war between the Protestants and Catholics
• 1/3 Of the German Population was killed.
• War required enourmous resources from European nations

• God Appoints King, King rules for good of the people
• Assumed a fundamental "consensus": that everyone agreed and worked together for the common good
• It became insufficient in the 17th Century

• Louis XIV
• as a child, terrified of "Fronde"(tax revolt brought by religious war)
• He built Versailles to show his Absolutism

instituted Absolutism to satisfy Louis XIV

King is center of government

• Govern by a constitution for the people
• Brought on by John Lockes' book "The Two Treaties of Government"

----This book stated that each individual had the right to "life, liberty, and the right to own property"

John Lockes' Rights- Life, Liberty and The Right To Own Property

The world started its first International Economy run on Capitalism

• The exchange of goods and Slaves across the Atlantic
• Slaves were brought to the America's by the Europeans
• Majority of the slaves were brought to the Carribean Islands and South America

America's view on slavery:

• Slave was in between a human and animal
• Not treated the same as in Africa

• Frenchman who traded with Oladuah Equiano
• Realized how civilized the Africans really were

• King of main African Tribe
• Traded with John Barbot and Europeans

• Tend to be Fundamentalists and Theocratic
• Leadership is invested in Imam(priests)

Sunni

Shi'ite

• Main religion of India
• "What Indians Do"

A mix of religions between Hinduism and Islam

Small group of Hinduist Indians

• Son of Ackbar the Great
• Killed/Took Over the other Princes(Rajahs) and united the lands

• A military system
• A mansab, your rank, determined the amount of land and how much soldiers needed to bring to battle

• Impossible test in China
• took 31 years to prepare for
• If passed you become a manderin

Investigate any claims of bad government(against ideas of Confucism)

• Emporer's Assistants
• Easy way to gain power at the cost of having your schlong cut off

Father is in charge of household

• Daughter was a burden to her parents
• Wife was a burden to her husband
• If father died, mother was a burden to children

• Breaking bones in feet and binding them together
• Showed status and wealth

• Family that took over all other families in Japan and united them together
• Caused 2.5 centuries of Peace-Caused for modernization quickly
• Held most power- Shogun not Emporer

• Government of Shogun
• Shogun is head of government and is the General of the army

SUICIDE MO-FO

• "The way of the warrior"
• "Protocol" in time of peace(honor)

Divided into "Han"(provinces) that are ruled by Lords, the "Daimyo", that controlled the samurai

Feudal System

• Aristocrats
• Samurai
• Peasants
• Merchants

• Aristocracy
• Manderins
• Peasants
• Merchants

• Started by Confucian
• Stated how to live life with ideals and morals