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Plasma (cell) membrane
forms the outer, limiting barrier separating the internal contents of the cell from the external environment
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Cytoplasm
- general term for all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
- 3 components: cytosol (viscous fluid), inclusions (nonfunctional, temporary structures that store cellular products), and organelles (tiny structures that perform specific cellular functions)
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Ribosomes
- synthesize proteins for:
- 1. use in the cell (free ribosomes)
- 2. secretion, incorporation in to plasma membrane, or lysosomes (fixed ribosomes)
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- synthesized lipids
- metabolizes carbs
- detoxifies drugs, alcohol
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- synthesizes proteins for secretion, new proteins for the plasma membrane, and lysosomal enzymes
- transports and stores molecules
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Golgi apparatus
- modifies, packages, and sorts newly synthesized proteins for secretion, inclusion in new plasma membrane, or lysosomal enzymes
- transports and stores molecules
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Lysosomes
- digest materials or microbes ingested by the cell
- remove old/damaged organelles
- self-destruct (autolyze)
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Peroxisomes
convert hydrogen peroxide formed during metabolism to water
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Mitochondria
- synthesize most ATP during cellular respiration
- "powerhouses of cell"
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Nucleus
- acts as cell control center
- controls all genetic info (DNA)
- site of ribosome subunit assembly
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