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Communication
is sending and recieving of information, ideas, feelings, or messages
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language
is a system of abstract symbols and rule- goverened sturctures, the specific conventions of which are learned
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speech
^oral expression of language
^speech can exist in the absences of language, and language exists in the absences of speech
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echolaia
an imitation of words phrases, or even whole sentences in the absence of an understanding of what they are saying
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Features of the human communication system
- 1.vocal auditory channel
- 2.broadcast transmission and directional reception
- 3. Rapid fading
- 4. interchange ability
- 5. total feedback
- 6. Specialization
- 7. semanticity
- 8. indexicality
- 9. Arbitrariness
- 10. Discreteness
- 11. Displacement
- 12. Productivity
- 13. Duality of Patterning
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vocal auditory channel
human communicate by forcing air through the vocal folds of the larynx and breaking the vibrating air stream into sounds of speech, which are organized into words and sentences.
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broadcast transmission and directional reception
a sender and a reciever
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rapid fading
means that speech signals are transitory
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interchangeability
can say anything that is said by any other human being
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total feedback
have the capacity to monitor what they say and how they say it.
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specialization
speech is specifically designed for communication and serves no other purpose
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semanticity
specificity of messages
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indexicality
refers to the ability of a communicator to use situational context, as well as past experiences, in the production, reception, and interpretation of messages.
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Arbitrariness
there isn othing inherent in a spoken word to account for its meaning
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Discrecteness
has very specific characteristics so that sound is discrete.
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Displacement
talk about things that are distant in time or space
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productivity
- creative in their communication efforts
- no matter the message is, however if we obey the rules of our language , the message will be understood by anyone who shares the language
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Duality of Patterning
restricted in the # of sounds these sounds can be used to produce an infinite amount of words and the words can be combined into an infinite about of sentences.
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Traditional transmission
speech is instinctive in humans
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Additional 4 possible features
- Recursion
- Prevarication
- Reflexiveness
- Learnability
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Recursion
acquired knowledge to create language, imagine what other maybe thinking
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Prevarication
intentianlly decieve others
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Reflexiveness
to use language to talk about language
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learnability
to take information from enviornment
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Hockett's speech chain
- brain
- think about it
- through nervous system
- the comes out
- then taken in by the ear ( reciever)
- lastly the listener's brain
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