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Vocabualry 1
- anatomy-structure:where it is found, what it looks like, what it is made of
- physiology-function:what it does
- atoms-the smallest single unit of an element
- compounds-any substance composed of two or more different element combined indefinite proportions
- organelles-any permanent highly organized structure within a cell
- cells-the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms that preform all the activities vital to life
- tissues-any group of similar cells preforming a specific function
- organs-any group of two or more tissues preforming a spacific function, usually has a recognizable shape
- systems-any association of organs that have a common function
- organism-any total living form, an individual
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11 major systems of the human
- integumentary system-external support and pretection of body. covering, sup & mov
- skeletal system-internal support and flexible frameworkfor body movement; production of blood cells. sup & mov, internal trans
- muscular system-body movement; production of body heat. sup & mov, control
- nervous system-body orientation, coordination, and assimilation. control
- respiration system-gaseous exchange between external enviroment and blood. inter trans, incoming substances
- circulatory system-supply living cells of body with materials necessary to sustain life and removal of metabolic wastes from cells. inter trans, sup & mov
- lymphatic system-body immunity; absorption of fats. inter trans, incom sub
- excretory system-filtration of blood; maintenance of water and ionic balance within blood. excretion, inter trans, incom sub, control
- endocrine system-control system for chemical functioning within body. control, sub & mov
- digestive system-breakdown and absorption of food materials and elimation of mastes. inter trans, incom subs, excretion
- male repro. system-production of male sex cells: transfer of sperm to reproductive system of female and nurture of offspring. repro, inter trans, incom sub
- female repro system-production of female sex cells:recieve sperm from male:provide site for fertilization of ovum, implantation, and development of embryo and fetus: delivery of fetus and nurture of offspring
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Vocabulary 2
- anatomical position-arms at side, toes, palms, and face forward
- anterior-front
- posterior-back
- medial-toward the middle
- lateral-toward the side
- ipsilateral-on the same side
- contralateral-on the opposite side
- superior-upward
- inferior-downward
- proximal-toward themain part of the body
- distal-away from themain part of the body
- superficial-on or near the surface
- deep-toward the inside, away from the surface
- transverse-directly across the body or body part
- sagittal-any longitudinal plane
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Human body cavities
- cranial-the bony cavity formed by the cranium
- nasal-the cavity of the nose
- buccal-the cavity of the mouth
- vertebral-the cavity containing the spiral cord
- thoracic-the chest cavity
- abdominal-the cavity inferior to the thoracic
- pelvic-the cavity between the iliam crest
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Function of the Organelles
- cell membrane-the outermost limits of the cell made of lipids and preteins
- nucleus-the spherical organelle which contains the hereditory factors of the cell, the control center of the cell
- nuclear membrane-the outermost limits of the nucleas which only lets ceryain substances in and out of the nucleus
- nucleolus-the nonmembranous spherical body of DNA and RNA whithin the nucleas. it functions in the synthesis and storage of ribosomal RNA
- chromatin-thread-like masses of DNA which are responsible for heredity
- smooth ER-ER without ribosomes
- rough ER-Er without ribosomes
- ribosomes-granular masses found throughout the cytoplasm and on the ER where proteins are sythesized
- golgi complex-4 to 8flattened chanuels stacked upon one another with expanded areas of their ends
- lysosome-a single membrane sac containing powerful dijestive enzymes used to breakdown substances
- mitochondria-the double membraned organelles responisble for the production of ATP
- cytoskeleton-the complex internal structure of the cytoplasm consisting of microtubules
- centrosome-the dense region around a pair of centrioles
- vacuole-membranous sac responsible for temporary storage
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Mitosis
- Interphase- 1.metabolic phase 2. chromosomes replicate
- prophase- 1. nuclear membrane disappears 2. chromatin cells 3. spindle forms
- metaphase- 1. chromosomes line up at the rquatorial plane 2. spindle fibers connect to centromeres
- anaphase- 1. chromatids migrate to either end of the cell
- telophase- 1. nuclear membranes reappear 2. spindle disappears 3. cell cleaves in two
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Describe
- mitosis-one body cells with 46 chromosomes becomes two bodycells with 46 chromosomes each
- meiosis-one gamete producing cell with 46 chromosomes becomes 4 gametes with 23 chromosomes each
- cytokinesis-cell division of the cytoplasm
- cancer-malignant tumor consisting of epithelial cells which never stop rapidly dividing
- histology-the studyof tissues and their microscopic structure
- epithelial-tisues that cover and line to protect
- connective-tissues that connect and support the protect and store
- muscular-tissue that moves and supports
- nervous-sensory tissue theat conducts nerve impulses
- matrix-the non-living materials of atissue, secreted by the tissues cells
- solid-bone
- fluid-blood plasma
- fibrous-ligaments and tendons
- gel-cartilage forming cells
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Describe Epithelium
- squamous-scale-like
- cuboidal-cube-like
- columnar-column-like
- pseudostratified columnar-columns of cuboidal and squamous epithelium
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7 major functions of the human system
- 1. covering
- 2. support and movement
- 3. incoming sunstances
- 4. internal transport
- 5. excretion
- 6. control
- 7. reproduction
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