PSY 200 Final

Loss of memories for events that occur after a head injury.

Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events.

A group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit.

A multilevel classi
cation system based on common properties among items.

Forming a memory code

Maintaining encoded information in memory over time.

Recovering information from memory stores.

The theory holding that deeper levels of mental processing result in longer-lasting memory codes.

Linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding.

Paivio's theory that memory is enhanced by forming semantic and visual codes, since either can lead to recall.

Deciding how or whether information is personally relevant.

The preservation of information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second.- No attention required

Visual memories- Part of sensory memory

Auditory memory- lasts(4-5 seconds) a little longer than iconic memory(about one second).

Part of sensory memory

A limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for about 20 to 30 seconds.- Requires attention

The process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information-- (phone number in head, name of person you barely know)

An unlimited capacity store that can hold information over lengthy periods of time.

Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events-- (September 11, 2001) Not any more accurate than other memories

Permits people to temporarily hold and manipulate visual images-- found in working memory.

At work when you use recitation to temporarily hold on to a phone number- found in working/short term memory

(Not a storage system) Controls the deployment of attention, switching the focus of attention and dividing attention.- Found in short term/working memory

A temporary, limited capacity store that allows the various components of working memory to integrate information

Based on sound- involved with short term/ working memory

An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or event -- Kind of like stereotyping

Consists of nodes representing concepts joined together by pathways that link related concepts.. (Thinking about one word can lead to thinking about another word, and another... Bread and butter

Thinking about one word leads to thinking about another

Models of memory that assume cognitive processes depend on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks that resemble neural networks... (certain smell triggers memories of when you were younger-- grandma's cookies n' shit like that)

The temporary inability to remember something you know, accompanied by a feeling that it's just out of reach.

Stimuli that help gain access to memories.

Trying to recall an event by putting yourself back in the context in which it occurred.

Occurs when participants recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post-event information-- (How fast was the car going when he hit that mofo COMPARED TO Smashed into that mofo)

Making attributions about the origins of memories.

Occurs when a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source.

the process of deciding whether memories are based on external sources (ones perceptions of actual event) or internal sources (ones thoughts and imaginations)

Graphs retention and forgetting overtime

Refers to the proportion of material retained.

Measure of retention Requires subjects to reproduce information on their own without any cues

Measure of retention Requires subjects to select previously learned information from an array of options.

Measure of retention Requires a subject to memorize information a second time to determine how much time or how many practice trials are saved by having learned before.

Forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time.

People forget information because of competition from other material.

Occurs when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information.

Occurs when previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information.

Involves the loss of memories for events that occurred prior to the onset of amnesia.

A hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of information into durable memory codes stored in long term memory.

Handles factual information (words, names, dates, faces, events and shit like that)

Houses memory for actions, skills, conditioned responses and emotional responses. (riding a bike, typing, tying shoes)

Made up of chronological recollections of personal experiences.

Contains general information knowledge that is not tied to the time the information was learned (christmas is on December 25, dogs have four legs, shit like that)

Remembering to perform actions in the future --- (walk the dog, feed the cat, shit like that)

Remembering events from the past, or previously learned information.

You tend to remember the first few things of a sequence

Tend to remember the last thing you learned

Tendency to mold ones interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out

Only searching for evidence that confirms ones beliefs

many decisions(or answers)

one answer

returning to problem solving strat. that worked in the past

If P, then Q

shortcut to answer- no guaranteed solution but quick and easy

Overestimate vivid things, under estimate non vivid things

Stereotype--- likelihood of event based on how typical it seems

Property of language that describe the separate units and how these units have meaning

Property of language that allows communication that are not here and not now-- past and future events and shit

sounds of spoken language

smallest meaningful unit of language

Rules of grammar that govern how words can be combined into sentences