Midterm.txt

• -things confirm the universal truth
• -geocentric truth

• -make a lot of observations and then generalize rules of nature.
• -leads to scientific observation as a method
• -Francis Bacon

• Danish Royal Astrologer
• -telescope

-planetary elipses

• -invented calculus
• -theory of gravity
• -Three Laws of Motion

• -thought of Europeans as inferior people, and referred to their new sciences and theories as "Ocean Learning"
• -interested in astronomy and cartography for religious reasons

• -“Native Studies”
• -mono no aware : “awareness of things”
• -Haiku & Tanka poetry
• -Japanese culture = the “head”; other cultures = the “body”

• Leviathan 1651
• • natural state of man
• • ‘political science’
• • inductive method
• •man is a part of nature; mechanical and material
• •Absolute leader needed to set order for the common good
• •law and order, not tyranny

• -Letter on Toleration 1689
• -tabula rosa – “Clear slate”
• - Man is rational and born equal before the law (slavery allowed)
• -Natural State: Harmony and Equality
• - people motivated by pleasure; avoid pain

• -Philosophes
• -Candide 1759
• -anti-clericalism
• -Jean Calas case (1698 – 1762)
• -religious intolerance

• -the intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment
• -Few were primarily philosophers; rather they were publc intellecuals
• who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including
• philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues
• -They strongly endorsed progess and tolerance, and distrusted organized religion (most were deists) and feudal institutions

• -Encyclopedia 1751-1772
• -first 2 vols. Banned
• -17 total (25,000 copies sold)

• -On the Social Contract (1762)
• -General Will
• -Sovereign Power of Govt.
• • in the people
• • how to express it?

• •non-ritual religion
• •based on REASON
• •anti-Christianity superstitious
• •God: the suffering
• •God: the watchmaker

Seed drill

Steam Power

• -free trade
• -Adam Smith

• -scab workers
• -'sabotage'
• -destroyed employer's equipment as a way of revolt

• ~ an order
• ~ a command
• ~ the right to order

• -"soldiers"
• -enforced British laws in India

the state of being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations

-British Commander in the Boer War

German commander in the Boer War

-first machine gun; destroyed thousands in Battle Omdurman (1898)

• -first emperor after imperial rule is restored in Japan
• -"enlightened reign"
• -'western achievements'

-wanted to adopt Western technology and move against Korea with great force

designed to open up Korea to Japanese trade

China recognized the independence of Korea and renounced any claims to that country

ends Russo-Japanese war and grants Japan the islands directly to the north

• - Korea goes to Japan
• - Philippines goes to U.S.
• -'protectorate status' 1905-1910

"righteous troops"

military police

philosophy that Koreans and Japanese are one people

British battleship; spurred global competition

• poet
• wrote about WWI in more patriotic terms

assasinated Archduke Ferdinand on June 28, 1914

Germany's plan to enter France through the "back door" by going around their traditional fighting grounds and entering through Belgium

• July-November 1917
• trench warfare is introduced
• catastrophic amount of deaths
• afterwards, the landscape in and around Passchendaele is almost unrecognizable

WWI realist poet

satirical, anti-war poet during WWI