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Define "Osteoporosis"
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bonemineral density and deterioration of bone tissue, increasing fragility of bone, and subsequent risk of fracture
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Which type of scans are used to diagnosis osteoporosis?
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
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Which scores are used to guide diagnosis & decisionto treat osteoporosis?
T scores
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What are the T scores for osteopenia vs. osteoporosis?
- Osteopenia: -1.0 to -2.5
- Osteoporosis: <-2.5
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What is "ostepenia"?
Osteopenia is a condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal. It is considered by many doctors to be a precursor to osteoporosis.
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At what age should women be screened for osteoporosis?
- women >65 y/o
- post-menopausal women <65 y/o with family history of osteoporosis
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What is Primary osteoporosis?
Primary means there is no known cause.
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What is Secondary osteoporosis?
- drug induced
- medical conditions
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What three (3) factors does osteoporosis vary by?
- age (old > young)
- gender (female > male)
- ethinicity (caucasian & asian)
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Clinical presentation of osteoporosis?
- shortened stature
- vertebra, hip, or forearm fracture
- kyphosis
- lordosis
- bone pain (especially back pain, which could indicate vertebral compression fracture)
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Define "kyphosis"
Kyphosis, also called roundback or Kelso's hunchback, is a condition of over-curvature of the thoracic vertebrae (upper back).
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Define "lordosis"
Lordosis is a medical term used to describe an inward curvature of a portion of the lumbar and cervical vertebral column
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What are the two (2) types of bone?
- trabecular (vertebrae, wrist & ankle, ends of long bones)
- cortical
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Which type of bone is most susceptible to fracture?
trabecular
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Distinguish between osteoblasts vs. osteoclasts?
- Osteoblasts - bone formation
- Osteoclasts - bone destruction
Bone formation exceeds destruction during childhood.
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At what age does the peak bone mass is reached?
Age 25-35
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Why are postmenopausal women prone to osteoporosis?
Following menopause, estrogen production declines and osteoclastic activity increases.
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