chembio.txt

the attracation of a cation to an anion is an:

the sharing of electrons is an:

an attraction between a slightly positive H atom in one molecule to a slightly negiative O,N atom in another molecule is a:

Rank the 3 types of bonds from strongest to weakest:

Discuss the major properties of water:

Disscuss the importance of water to living systems:

a molecule that releases or donates an H+ in water is an:

a molecule that accepts H+ is a:

the measure of acidity is:

explain the importance of pH to living systems:

chemical solutions that resist changes in pH are called:

Explain what buffering systems do:

Distinguish between inorganic and organic compounds:

List the 4 types of organic compounds:

Describe the structure of carbohydrates:

Describe the charactersitics of carbohydrates:

Simple sugar

2 glucose molecules, examples: sucrose, lactose, maltose

more than 2 molecules of glucose, an example is glycogen

long chains of glucose used for storage

the corresponding energy storage polysaccaride found in plants

Fiborous, cell walls of plants is called

Describe the function of carbohydrates:

describe the structure of lipids:

describe the charasticts of lipids:

describe the function of lipids:

a chain of usually 4 to 24 carbon atoms with a carboxyl group/methyl group at the ends is called a:

a molecule consisting of 3 fatty acids covalently bonded to a 3 chain alcohol called glyerol is a:

this lipid is similar to tryglyceride, except that in place of one fatty acid, they have a phosphate group:

a polymer of amino acids is called a:

describe the structure of a protein:

Describe the characteristics of proteins:

Describe the functions of proteins:

Describe the structure of nucleic acids:

an organic compound with a single/double C-N ring, a monosaccharide, and 1 or more phosphate group is called a"

what are the characterisitics of nucleic acides:

what are the functions of nucleic acids:

Describe the 4 orders of protein structure:

proteins that function as biological catalysts are called:

describe how enzymes contribute to biological systems:

Distinguish between DNA and RNA

Select the answer that best completes the overall reaction for glucose catabolism: ______ + 6 O 2 --> __ CO 2 + 6 ___+ ___ ATP



pyruvic acid; 3; water; 34
maltose; 6; water; 38
glucose; 6; water; 38
pyruvic acid; 3; NADH; 34
glucose; 6; NADH; 38

Which of the following is NOT a pathway of glucose catabolism?

anaerobic fermentation
beta oxidation
glycolysis
aerobic respiration

The coenzyme that serves as energy transfer molecule and H acceptor throughout aerobic respiration is:

NAD+
ATP
FAD
all of the above
NAD+ and FAD

The net production of ATP from glycolysis is:


2
4
30
34
38

The net production of ATP from the complete oxidation of glucose through aerobic respiration is:


4
8
30
34
38

The majority of exhaled CO2 is generated during which of the following processes?


electron transport chain
anaerobic fermentation
glycolysis
phosphorylation
citric acid cycle

Match the following reactions with where they occur:

glycolysis
citric acid cycle
electron transport chain

mitochondrial matrix
cytosol
mitochondral membrane

In lipolysis, what process converts fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, which can then be used to produce ATP in the citric acid cycle?



beta-oxidation
transamination
gluconeogenesis
chemiosmosis
deamination

Which of the following is the first step in using proteins as fuel?

amination
reanimation
transamination
ketogenesis
deamination

Which of the following is the toxic molecule produced by the breakdown of amino acids for energy?

glutamic acid
nitrogen
ammonia
keto acids
NADH

In the final step in the electron transport chain, what powers the phosphorylation of ADP?

ATP
cytochrome c
movement of FADH2
movement of H+
oxygen (O2)

phospholipids are biologically important because they :
A. are a base component of steriods
B. store and transmit genetic information
C. are a main compent of cell membranes
D. serve as a quick source of energy

The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water moelcue are held together by what type of a bond?
A. ionic
B. nonpolar covalent
C. polar covalent
D. hydrogen

C12H24C12 is a :
A. lipid
B. protein
C. nucleic acid
D. carbohydrate

steriods are classsified as :
carbodydrates
b. proteins
c. nucleic acids
d. lipids

in proteins, an alpha helix is considered:
A. primary structure
B. tertiary structure
C. quaternary structure
D. secondary structure

which of the following is not true of enzymes
A. change the amount of energy produced
B. speed up reactions
C. substrate specific
D. affected by significant changes in pH and temperature

an ionic bond is formed by :
A. the sharing of electrons by two atoms
B. the sharing for protons by two atoms
C. on atom giving a porton to another atom
D. one atom giving an electron to another atom

water is a universal component of life on this planet because:
A. it reacts with lipids in the human body
B. dissolves multiple types of substances than any other liquid
C. it is slow to react
D. remain in the same stae at different temperatures

list the components and charges of the three things that make up at atom:

a pH of _____ is considered acidic, ______ is considered basic, and _____ is neutral

C6H12O6 is an example of a:

describe the structure, major characteristics and fxn of carbohydrates:

describe the structure, characteristics, and fxn of proteins:

describe teh structure, characteristics, and fxn of lipids:

describe the structure, chacteraistics, and fxn of nucleic acids:

when the body needs fuel what does it break down first? second? third?

___________ is going from simple to complex, and ________ is going from complex to simple.

a covlant bond is formed by :
A. one atom giving an electron to another atom
B. the sharing of electrons by two atoms
C. the sharing of protons by two atoms
D. one atom giving a proton to another atom

water molecles tend to stick together because of weak attractions between the water called:

A. ionic bonds
B. nonpolar covalent bonds
C. polar covelant bonds
D. hydrogen bonds

which of the following processes reqires oxygen?
A. aerobic respiration
B. glycolysis
C. anaerobic fermentation

where is the electron transport chain located?
A. mitochondrial membrane
B. junctional folds
C. mitochondrial matrix
D. cytoplasm