PGS 101 Chapter One

Psychologists who focus on teaching and conducting research

Psychologists who focus on teaching and conducting research to help solve specific practical problems

The outwardly observable acts of a person, alone or in a group

The school of psychology that focuses on how a specific stimulus (object, person,or vent) evokes a specific response (behavior in reaction to the stimulus)

A scientific study that focuses on a single participant, examining his orher psychological characteristics (at any or all of the levels of analysis) in detail

The type of psychologist who is trained to provide psychotherapyand to administer and interpret psychological tests

A group that is treated exactly the same way as the experimental group,except that the independent variable that is the focus of the study is notmanipulated. The control group holds constant—“controls”—all of the variablesin the experimental group

The aspect of the situation that is measured as the values of anindependent variable are changed

A part of a study in which participants receive the completeprocedure that defines the experiment

A group that receives the complete procedure that defines the experiment

The school of psychology that sought to understand how the mind helps individualsto adapt to the world around them, to function effectively in it

An approach to understanding mental events that focuses on the ideathat the whole is more than the sum of its parts

The school of psychology that assumes people have positive values,free will, and deep inner creativity, the combination of which allow them tochoose life-fulfilling paths to personal growth

Atentative idea that might explain a set of observations

The aspect of the situation that is deliberately and independentlyvaried while another aspect is measured

The requirement that a potential participant in a study be told what heor she will be asked to do and be advised of possible risks and benefits of thestudy before formally agreeing to take part

The technique of observing your mental events as, or immediately after, they occur

Events that involve the activity, structure, and properties of theorgan itself—brain cells and their connections, the chemical solutions in whichthey exist and the genes

Events that involve relationships between people (such as love,competition and cooperation), relationships among groups, and culture.

Events that involve the function (mental processes) and content(mental content) of the mind

Knowledge, beliefs (including ideas, explanations and expectations),desires (such as hopes, goals and needs), and feelings (such as fears, guiltand attractions)

Sets of operations that work together to carry out a function, suchas attention, perception, or memory

Ahypothesis that follows from a theory, which should be confirmed if the theoryis correct

Theories or statements that at first glance look like psychology butare in fact superstition or unsupported opinion, not based in science

The process of helping people learn to change so they can cope with troublesomethoughts, feelings and behaviors

The school of psychology that sought to identify the basic elements ofconsciousness and to describe the rules and circumstances under which theseelements combine to form mental structures

A set of questions that people are asked about their beliefs, attitudes,preferences, or activities

Outside conscious awareness and not able to be brought into consciousness at will