Adverse Drug Reactions and Medication Errors

Unavoidable secondary drug effect produced at therapeutic doses.

Noxious, unintended and undesired effect that occurs at normal drug doses.

Drug or physician induced disease

Develops during long-term use of certain drugs such as opiods, alcohol, barbiturates, and amphetamines.

Immune response

ADR based on a genetic predisposition.

Drug-induced cancer

Drug-induced birth defect.

• 1. Injury to the liver
• 2. Altered cardiac function