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albuminuria/ protinuria
presence of albumin in the urine; occurs in renal disease of in normal urine after heavy exercise
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anuria
absence of urine formation
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bacteriuria
presence of bacteria in urine
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dysuria
painful urination
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enuresis
to void urine; involuntary discharge of urine, most often refers to a lack or bladder control
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nocturnal enutesis
bed wetting during sleep
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hematuria
presence of blood in urine
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glucosuria
presence of glucose (sugar) in urine
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incontinence
involuntary discharge of urine of feces
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stress incontinence (SUI)
involuntary discharge of urine at the time of cough, sneeze, and/or strained exercise
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ketonuria
presence of ketone bodies in the urine
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ketone bodies/compounds
acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acis are products of metabolism that appear in the urine as a result of abnormal utilization of carbohydrates; seen in uncontolled diabetes and starvation
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nocturia
urination at night
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oliguria
scanty production of urine
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polyuria
condition of excessive urination
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pyuria
presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection
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urinary retention
retention of urine owing to the inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm, obstruction, etc
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adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)
inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure- diagnosed in adults presenting hypertension, kidney enlargement, and recurrent urinary tract infections
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glomerulonephritis
form of nephritis involving glomerulus
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hydronephrosis
dilation and pooling of urine in the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys caused by an obstruction in the outflow of urine
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nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
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pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
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nephrosis
degenerative disease of the renal tubules
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nephrolithiasis
presence of renal stone or stones caused by a mineral buildup in the kidneys- most commonly as a result of hyperuricuria (excessive amount of uric acid in urine) or hypercalciuria (excessive amount of calcium in the urine)
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cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
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urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
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urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and bladder
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utrethral stenosis
narrowing condition of the urethra
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urinary tract infection (UTI)
invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the structures of the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder, symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise
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uremia/azotemia
excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure
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