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anorexia
loss of appetite
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aphagia
inability to swallow
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ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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constipation
infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass (constipo= to press together)
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diarrhea
frequent loose or liquid stools
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dyspepsia
indesgestion (peptin= to digest)
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dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
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flatulence
gas in the stomach or intestines (flatus = a blowing)
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halitosis
bad breath (halitus= breath)
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hematochezia
red blood in the stool (chezo = defecate)
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hematemesis
vomiting blood
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hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
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hyperbilirubinemia
excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood
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icterus/ jaundice
yellow discloration of the skin, sclera (white of the eye) and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood (jaundice= yellow)
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melena
dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
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nausea
sick in the stomach
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steatorrhea
feces containing fat
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sublingual/ hypoglossal
under the tongue
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stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
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sialoadentitis
inflammation of the salivary gland
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parotitis (parotiditis)
inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps
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cheilitis
inflammation of the lip
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glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
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ankyloglossia
tongue tied; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short thickening frenulum (ankyl/o = crooked or stiff)
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gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
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esophogeal varices
swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially suseptible to ulceration and hemorrage
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esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
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gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, often as a result of abnormal fucntion fo the lower esophageal sphincter; causes burning pain in the esophagus
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pyloric stenosis
narrowed condition of the pylorus
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peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
a sore on the mucus membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the GI system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Heliobacter pylori bacteria (pept/o = to digest)
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gastric ulcer
ulcer located in the stomach
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duodenal ulcer
ulcer located in the duodenum
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gasteroenteritis
inflammation of teh stomach and small intestine
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enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
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ileitis
inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
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colitis
inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
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ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon along with ulcerations
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diverticulum
a by-way; an abnormal side pocket in the GI tract usually related to lack of dietary fiber
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diverticulosis
presence of diverticula in the GI tract, especially in the bowel
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diverticulitis
inflammation of diverticula
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dysentry
inflammaiton of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa (e.g. amebic dysentery)
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appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
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hernia
protrusion of a part from its normal location
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hiatal hernia
protrusion of a part of the stomach upward throught the hiatal opening in the diaphragm
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inguinal hernia
protrusion of a loop of intestine through the layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
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incarcerated hernia
hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction
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strangulated hernia
hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
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umbilical hernia
protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus
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intussusception
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of adjoining parts (intus = within; suscipiens = to take up)
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volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruciton (volvo = to roll)
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polyposis
multiple polyps in the intestine and rectum with a high potential malignancy potential
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procitis
inflammation of the rectum and anus
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anal fistula
abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum (fistula = pipe)
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hemorrhoid
swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vien likely to bleed)
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peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
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hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
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hepatitis A
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally through fecal matter contaminated food or water
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hepatitis B
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
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hepatitis C
inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rerely contracted sexually)
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cirrhosis
chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency (cirrho = yellow)
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cholangitis
inflammation of bile ducts
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cholecystitis
inflammation of the gall bladder
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cholelithiasis
presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
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choledocholithiasis
presence of stones in the common bile duct
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pancreatitis
inflammaiton of the pancreas
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