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Hindsight bias is
the tendancy to believe, after learning the outcome, that one would have forseen it.
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What is it called when humans tend to think we know more than we actually do?
Overconfidence
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What 3 things make up the scientific attitude?
- 1. Curiosity- passion for exporation
- 2. skepticism- doubting and questioning
- 3. humility- humbleness to accept when wrong
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Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions but examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and assesses conclusions is...
Critical thinking
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The scientific method was used to
construct theories that organize, summarize and simplify observations.
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An explanation that integrates principles, organizes and predicts hehaviors or events is
Theory
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A hypothesis is
A testable prediction, often introduced by a theory, to enable us to accept, reject or revise a theory.
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Research is used to
confirm a hypothesis
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What steps are involved in the research process?
Theories lead to hypothesis which lead to research and observations which generate or refine the theory.
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Can laboratory experiments illuminate everyday life?
Yes. The goal is to find underlying principles that govern behavior.
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Does behavior depend on one's culture?
Even when specific attitudes and behaviors vary accross cultures, the underlying processes are much the same.
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Does behavior vary with gender?
Yes
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Why do psychologists study animals?
to get an understanding of many behaviors that may have common biology across animals and humans.
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Is it ethical to experiment on animals?
Yes. Researchers have to follow ethical guidelines that are governed by the IRB (Institutional Review Board)
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Is it ethical to experiment on people?
Yes as long as it does not involve any kind of physical or psychological harm that is beyond normal levels encountered in life.
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