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revelation
- act of revealing
- God's disclosure of himself to man
- declares something about the character of God
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general revelation
- nature, history, and human conscious
- God reveals himself in his creation
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special revelation
- God revealing himself through Christ & scripture
- the heart of the father
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revealed theology
the study of God
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Heilsgechicle or "Salvation History"
revelation through history
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inspiration
- internal motivation
- "god-breathed"
- supernatural move on humans
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scripture
- authoritative
- effective
- inspired infallible
- inerrant
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authoritive scripture
needs to be believed
-
effective scripture
- nothing can withstand it
- living and powerful
- discerns thoughts and attitudes of the heart
- makes one wise
- teaches, reproves, corrects, and instructs
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inspired scripture
God-breathed by the Holy Spirit
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infallible scripture
- realiable, certain, and trustworthy
- everything can be found
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inerrant scripture
- without error
- free from deceit
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dictation theory
- fundamentalists
- God dictated the exact words of scripture to human writers
- disallows for the personality and style of the human writer
- accounts for only part of the biblical evidence
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conceptual inspiration theory
- biblical minimalists
- god inspired only the thoughts of biblical writers
- only the doctrinal teachings of scripture are reliable, not the historical details
- people came up with it on their own
- ineffective attempt to "explain away" what appear to be "errors" in the text
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soverbal plenary inspiration theory
- evangelicals
- inspiration of God extends to the whole of scripture in its entirety
- includes the very words chosen by the biblical writers
- Holy Spirit guides the process so that the finished product fauthfully reflects God's message
- deals best with the biblical evidence
- recognize the human element of scripture
- affirms the Holy Spirit as the ultimate Author
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orgin of canon
- Heb. "qaneh"
- Greek "kanon"
- literally "reed" or "rod" = measuring or rule or standard
-
canon
measuring standard for faith and practice
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total books of the Bible
66
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-
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canonicity
inheritant quality of the text
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criteria for canonicity
- 1. authoritative
- 2. prophetic
- 3. authentic
- 4. dynamic
- 5. received/accepted by the people of god for whom it was orginally written
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contents of OT canon
- Pentateuch (Torah)- The Law
- Historical Books
- Poetical Books
- Major Prophets
- Minor Prophets
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pentateuch
- genesis
- exodus
- levitivus
- numbers
- deutoronomy
-
historical books
- joshua
- judges
- ruth
- 1 & 2 samuel
- 1 & 2 kings
- 1 & 2 chronicles
- ezra
- nehemiah
- esther
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poetical book
- job
- pslams
- probverbs
- ecclesiastes
- songs of solomon
-
major prophets
- isaiah
- jeremiah
- lementations
- ezeikel
- daniel
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minor prophets
- hosea
- joel
- amos
- obadiah
- jonah
- micah
- nahum
- habakkuk
- zephaniah
- haggai
- zechariah
- malachai
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Bible versions
- Masoretic Text (Heb.)
- Leningrad Codex A.D.
- Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS)
- Septuagint (LXX)
-
Masoretic Text (MT)
traditioned Heb. text of OT
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Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS)
- discovered at Qumran (near Dead Sea), 1947
- Dated from 2nd centry B.C. to 1st centry AD
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Septuagint (LXX)
- greek translation of heb. OT
- translated between 3rd & 2nd centuries BC
- bible of Jews & Apostles
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hermeneutics
- art and science of interpretation
- goal: burning hearts
- result: exegesis
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exegesis
- to lead out
- pulling the meaning out of the text
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eisegesis
reading our ideas onto the Bible
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role of the interpreter
- recognize the Bible as God's word
- commune with the Holy Spirit (authors)
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The Grammatical- Historical Method
- 1. understand the context
- 2. determine the genre
- 3. interpret figurative language
- 4. let scripture interpret scripture
- 5. discover the life application
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understand the context
- immediate context (ch. and v.)
- remote context (entire book)
- historical and geo-political context
- socio-cultural context
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determine the genre
- historical narrative
- law: God giving law
- prophecyL prophets speaking on behalf of God
- poetry
- apocalyptic: end times
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interpret figurative language
- idioms (figures of speech)
- phenomenological language (expressing thoughts as we see them)
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imago dei
made in image of God
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God gave humanity skill and authority to...
- work and create life
- subdue and rule
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purpose of humanity being made up of male and female
- mutual authority & mutual responsibility
- mutual bearers of the imago dei
- only reflect God's image when together
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how is the unity of humanity demonstrated
- biblically
- psychologically
- spiritually
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how the unity of humanity was demonstrated psychologically
adam was lonely & couldn't find a mate but was relieved when God gave Eve
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how the unity of humanity was demonstrated spiritually
were walking together with God
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What wasn't good about God's creation?
It was "not good" when man was alone
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marriage
- when intimatly sexual you are bonded
- mutual partners for life
- vulnerably without shame and fear
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how creation should be interpreted
- 1. cosmic
- 2. shift to earth
- 3. human perspective
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What are the old earth theories?
- age-day theory (concordism)
- progressive creationism
- religious-only theory
- pictorial-day theory
- theistic evolution
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creationism
creation is a fact because the bible declares it
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age-day theory (concordism)
- days of Genesis were not 24 hour periods
- days were geological ages or time period
- provides enough time for historic record
- "yom"
- pushes meaning of day
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yom
- Heb. day
- represents undetermined peiord
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progressive creationism
- stresses progressive nature of creative process over period of time
- taking order in Genesis literally
- days of various lengths but are parallel
- provides enough time for historic record but pushes meaning of day in creation narrative (literal meaning of day)
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religious-only theory
- Genesis provides only general account (not true, just God)
- science articulates how
- resolves time prob & gives biblical text proper theological place
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pictorial-day theory
- creation was revealed in 6 days than length of time
- assigning days to personal revelation
- pushes text
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theistic evolution
- selection of species (Darwin) guided by God in eternal plan
- initiated process and it took its own course
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young-earth views
- flood geology
- the literalist view
- pro-chronic view
- gap theory
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flood geology
- world-wide flood
- fits with biblical data
- if flood was not global this view would be impossible
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the literalist view
- world created in literally 6 days
- impossible considering history
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pro-chronic view
- came into existence with age built into it
- defies modern rules for gathering evidence
-
gap theory
- a little of both theories
- gap between ancient creation of universe & of world
- creative way to explain with science
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day two of creation
waters and sky
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day 3 of creation
dry land and vegetation
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day 4 of creation
sun, moon, and stars
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day 5 of creation
sea creatures and birds
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day 6 of creation
earth creatures and humans
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Ancient near east creation myth
- epic of atrahasis
- 3 gods slay eachother and create humans
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fall
- an act of disobedience to God committed by the earliest human beings
- brought alienation, seperation from God, and death to all future generations
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interpretations of the fall
- literal
- metaphoric or symbolic
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literal interpretation of the fall
- a physical fruit and serpent were involved
- Eden had a geological location
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metaphoric symbolic interpretation of the fall
teaches a truth by means of a story (parable)
-
serpent
- wild animal
- not identified as Satan
- imparts doubt and uses half truths
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response of humans
- woman misquotes God's instruction
- man remains silent, watching
- humans disobey God
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sin nature
- doctrine of original sin
- potential to sin
- propensity to sin
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doctrine of original sin
- born in sin
- guilty from start
-
potential to sin
- matter of choice
- impossible to be completely good
-
propensity to sin
- have fallen nature not sinful nature
- most likely to sin because we are that way
- not guilty until actually commit sin
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what the fall means to humans
- humans fall spiritually
- God reveals himself & plan of redemption
- physical death
-
consequences of the fall to the serpent
- protoevangelium
- allusion to massage of Gospel
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consequences of the fall to the woman
- dominated by man
- sorrow and pain in childbearing
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consequences of the fall to the man
- resisted by land
- sorrow & pain in working for food
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gender
equal marriage to ruling over
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self
unashamed to shameful
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earth
perfect place to banashed
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sin
- disobedience
- missing the mark
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orgin of sin
- a human act, not divine creation
- God created free will, without which which love is impossible
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problem with Cain's offering
Cain's heart
-
consequences of Cain's sin
- driven from the land
- ground cursed for Cain
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name of the Lord
- tetragrammaton
- Yahweh
- 1st sign of true prayer after the fall
-
tetragrammaton
- 4 letters of the Lord's name
- Y-H-W-H
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structure of the genealogies
formulaic structure
-
Enoch
- was unique
- walked with God
- was no more because God took him
-
redemption in Christ
- literally "to buy back,or exchange"
- based on God's love for people
-
substitutionary atonement
- substituted us to pay for our sins
- he became sin, we became righteousness
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justify
seen just as if you've never sinned
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"sons of God"
- angels and human women
- God's people & pagan people
- describes the righteous in the Bible
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angels & human women
- material distinction
- marriage between supernatural beings and mortals
- angels in bible
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God's people and pagan people
- theological distinction
- marriage between godly and ungodly
- Seth's descendents intermarry with Cain's descendents
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flood theories
- global flood interpretation
- local flood interpretation
-
global flood interpretations
- "all the world"-the entire planet
- multiple flood stories around the world
- worldwide distribution of flood debris
- universal language of scripture
-
local flood interpretation
- "all the world" = all the known world
- flood debris can't be linked to a single flood
- could be product of ice age
- amount of water needed = 8 times available water on Earth
-
framing of Noahic covenant
- promise of covenant with Noah
- covenant with Noah
-
Noahic covenant
- "divine charter" covenant
- meat without blood added to human diet
- accountability to human life
- commanded to be fruitful
- God promised to never flood again
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sign of the Noahic covenant
the rainbow
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lessons from the Tower of Babel
- 1. pride & lust for power bring destruction (make name for self)
- 2. There is power in unity
- 3. God is setting the stage for His redemptive plan
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why God chose Noah
- finds favor in God's eyes
- righteous and blameless
- walked with God
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how Noah knew
- God warned Noah & tells him to build ark
- dimensions of the ark
- design of the ark
- purpose of the ark
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purpose of the ark
to save Noah and his family
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amount of animals brought on the ark
- pair of every unclean animal
- 7 pairs of every clean animal for eating and sacrifice
- 7 pairs of every kind of bird
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how the earth flooded
- 40 days and 40 nights
- water flooded up and rain came down
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how long Noah was in the ark
1 year and 1 day
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why Noah and his family were spared?
God's mercy
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Ancient Near Eastern Flood Accounts
- Eridu Genesis (Sumerian)
- Gilgamesh Epic (Mesopotamia)
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ancient mesopotamia
- the "land between rivers" (Tigris & Euphrates)
- modern day Iraq
- "cradle of civilization"
-
succession of people in the Ancient Near East
- Sumerians
- Akkadians
- Amorites
- Assyrian
- Babylonian
- Persians
- Greeks
-
King Hammurabi
- Amorite
- wrote the famous Law Code of Hammurabi
-
geography of Syria-Palestine
- fertile crescent
- levant
- longitudinal zones
-
longitudinal zones
- the costal plains
- the hill country
- the jordan rift
- the transjordanian highlands
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ancient near eastern religion
- awareness of spiritual realm
- polytheistic (many gods)
- hostility between gods and humans
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family dynamics of ancient near eastern
- patriarcal society
- men dominated everything
- father is absolute authority
- mother oversees provisions and households
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ancient near eastern culture
- ancient
- eastern
- changeless
- agricultural
- limited goods
- community
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agriculture of ancient near eastern
- life is sychronized with nature
- must have access to land and nature
- concept of time is general
-
limited goods in ancient near eastern
- provisions are limited & difficult to acquire
- realities: raw resources, brutal warfare, slavery
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community of ancienty near eastern
- communal life
- not independent life
- mutual identification
- extended family solidarity
- spatial solidarity
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