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Does salt conduct electricity?
yes, contains ions
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What is found in over 1/2 our hormones, cholesterol and vitamin d?
sterols/steriods (lipid)
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What has 4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings?
sterols/steriods (lipid)
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What do emulsifiers serperate?
seperate lipid molecules from each other w/o breaking bond
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What do emulsifier allow lipids to mix with?
water; due to polar heads
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What is the most functionally diverse of all all bio molecultes & play many roles in cells?
Protein (polymer-it's monomer is AA)
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How many different types of AA's are there?
20
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What gives each AA it's unique characteristics & changes between the 20 AA's?
The R group
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Is the R group polar or non-polar? Electrically charged? Acidic or Basic?
- -can be polar or non-polar
- -yes, is electrically charged
- -can be acidic or basic
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Are Amino Acids a monomer or polymer?
Monomer
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What is a 2-3 AA called?
Peptide
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What is a few-100 AA's called? Polypeptide or Protein?
polypeptide
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What is 100's-1000's of AA's called?
protein
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What is a peptide bond?
-Polar Covalent Bond between AA's occurs via dehydration/loss of water
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What happens in the 1. level of protein stucture?
order or sequence of AA "beads on a string" includes Peptide Bond
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What happens in the 2. level of protein structure?
- Hydrogen bonding between non-adjacent AA
- (this forms b/c AA's are plar)
- causing either Helix or B pleated sheets
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What happens in the 3. level of protein structure?
- Inlvolves interaction between the R groups of AA's
- a) R groups can be attratcted to eachother (Polor to Polar) & repelled by eachother
- b) R groups can also form Ionic & H - bonds
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What happens in the 4. level of protein structure?
- Bonding of 2 or more polypeptides coming together (not all proteins have this)
- EACH is NOW called: Polypeptide Domain
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In what levels of protein sturcture give protein it's specific shape & what is it called?
- - levels 2-4
- -Protein Confirmation
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What gives it's specific shape that is unique to each type of protein (twisting)? (also essential for its functioning)
Protein Confirmation
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When a protien unfolds/untwists & looses its confirmation is thia Denaturation or Confirmation?
Protein Denaturation
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What happens during protein denaturation?
- -destroys levels 2-4 (untangles "beads")
- -1. remains/peptide bond remains
- -loss of function
- -some denaturation is reversable some is not
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What are the 3 causes of denaturation?
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What are the 2 main types of proteins?
Fiberous & Globular (aka: functional proteins)
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What are rope/strand like proteins, used for, have structure, very stable & less chemically reactive?
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What type of protein does all the work, chemically reactive & NOT stable?
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What is the 4th Biolgical Protein?
- Nucleic Acisds (polymer)
- Nucleotides (monomer)
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What 3 things do all nucleotides consist of?
- -ribose sugar-5 carbon sugar
- -@ least one phosphate group
- -on (of many) nitrogenous bases
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Is ATP a nucleotide or nucleic acid?
Nucleotide(monomer)
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Are nucleic acids a monomer or polymer?
polymer
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What is the universal energy compound of cells?
ATP
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What does DNA stand for?
Deroxyribo Nucleic Acid
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What is double stranded found in nucleus & has genetic material/manuscript of all cells?
DNA
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What does RNA stand for?
Ribo Nucleic Acid
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What is single stranded found through out cell, in nucleus & copies DNA?
RNA
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What is the Cell Theory?
all organisms need to consist of @ least one cell & all new cells come from pre-existing cells
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What consist of either just one cell or of group/chain/cluster of identical cells?
Unicellular organisms
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What kingdoms are unicellular organisms part of?
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria & Protista
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