History Quiz Chapter 5 Section 1

• Ruled more land than anyone since Charlemagne.
• Signed Peace of Augsburg.
• Brother Ferdinand inherited Austria & Holy Roman Empire.

• Allowed German princes to establish specific religion for their territory.
• Signed by Charles V.

Inherited Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and American colonies.

Shy, serious, hard-working, and suspicious.

• Siezes gold from Spanish galleons.
• (Allowed large standing army)

Large ships

Siezed Portuguese kingdom.

• Religious wars caused by the Reformation.
• Phillip launches Spanish Armada in 1588 to punish Protestant England and Queen Elizabeth I.
• The Reconquista had been completed 64 years before.

A 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority.

The campaign to drive Muslims from Spain.

• Sent over 200 Spanish and Venetian ships to bring down the Ottoman Empire.
• Had a monastery in his palace, the Escorial.

• By using the power of his ships to defend Catholicism.
• Used his wealth to build the Escorial.

Spain's wealth allowed monarchs and nobles to become patrons of artists.

• Puzzling to Spainards.
• Unusual.
• Showed Catholic faith of Spain.

• Reflected the pride of the Spanish monarchy.
• Court painter for Phillip IV.

Novel about a poor Spanish nobleman who went a little crazy after reading too many books about heroic knights.

• Miguel Cervantes was mocking chivalry.
• Idealistic person who longs for the romantic past because he is frustrated with his materialistic world.

More silver and gold made the value less.

Decline in value in money accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services.

• Growing population = increased demand for food/goods => merchants able to raise prices.
• Large amounts of silver => lower value; thus people needed more & more silver to buy things.

• Expulsion of Jews & Moors (Muslims) = loss of valuable artisans & businessmen.
• Spanish nobles didn't pay taxes; lower classes paid most taxes which prevented gaining wealth to start new businesses.
• No middle class developed.

• Old productions => expensive goods therefore people bought cheaper products from FR, ENG, Netherlands.
• Wealth flew out of SP.

• Borrowed $$ from GER & ITAL bankers.
• Silver sent abroad to pay debts resulted in bankruptcy three times!

• Little in common.
• Calvinist, not Catholic in Spain.
• Successful middle class, unlike Spain.

• Raised taxes.
• Tried to crush Protestantism => (led to) angry mobs attacking Catholic churches.
• Sent Spain army to crush rebellion => 1,500 Protestant deaths in single day.

• 11 years fighting.
• 1579 - northern provinces declared independence.
• Southern provinces remained Catholic & loyal (modern-day Belgium).

• Practiced religious tolerance.
• Not a kingdom, instead it was a republic (w/ elected governor supported by merchants & landholders).

Best banks, best artists supported by wealthy merchants.

• Portraits of wealthy middle-class merchants.
• Sharp contrasts of light and shadow to draw attention to focus.

Also used effects of light and dark.

• Stable government.
• Sold grain at favorable prices to struggling areas of southern Europe.
• Dutch East India Company controlled Asian spice trade & Indian Ocean trade.

• They believed that they had the divine right.
• They were God's representative on Earth.

• Decline of feudalism.
• Rise of cities.
• Growing kingdoms w/ centralized authority.
• Growing middle class backed kings who supported business climates.
• Colonial wealth helped monarchs' ambitions.
• Declining Church power left vacuum.

• Wars between states.
• Huge armies led to heavy taxation on a suffering population.
• Peasant revolts.

• Attempted to create order by increasing their power.
• Regulated everything: religious worship, social gatherings.
• Created government agencies to control economy.
• Attempted to rule without nobility and representative bodies.