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What is Nutrition?
- The study of food, including,
- -How food nourishes our bodies
- -How food influences our health
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Why is Nutrition Important?
Nutrition contributes to wellness
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Wellness
- the absense of disease
- Physical, emotional, and spiritual health
not an end point, continually maintain balance
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Critical Components of Wellness
- Nutrition
- Physical activity
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Nutrition can prevent..
- Nutrient deficiency diseases
- (scurvy, goiter, rickets)
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Diseases that are influenced by nutrition
Heart disease, obesity, stroke, and type 2 diabetes
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Diseases in which nutririon plays a role..
Osteoporosis, osteoartritis, some forms of cancer.
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Nutrition and Energy Balance
- Energy in = energy out
- Imbalance between nutrition and physical activity increased risk factor for choronic diseases.
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What are Nutrients?
- The chemicals in foods that are critical to human growth and function
- carbs, fats and oils, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
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Macronutrients
- nutrients that are required in relatively large amounts
- -provide energy to our bodies
- -carbs, fats and oils, proteins
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Micronutrients
- nutrients that are required in smaller amounts
- -vitamins and minerals
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Kilocalorie
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1C
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Carbohydrates
- Primary source of fuel for the body, especially for the brain
- provide 4kcal per gram of carbs
- -found in grains, vegetables, fruit, and legumes(beans)
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Fats and Oils
- An important energy source during rest or low-intensity exercise
- provide 9kcal per gram
- -found in butter, margarine, vegetable oils
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Proteins
- Play a major role in building nre cells and tissues
- -supply 4kcal of energy per gram
- but are NOT a primary source of energy
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Protiens are important for..
- building new cells and tissues
- maintaing bones
- repairing damaged structures
- regulating metabolism
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Metabolism
- chemical process in the body, provides enerygy
- sustains vital activities and functions
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Vitamins
- compounds containing carbon that assist in regulating body processes
- -micronutrients that do not supply energy to our bodies
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Fat-soluble vitamins
- vitamins A, D, E, and K
- -dissolves easily in fats and oils
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Water-soluble vitamins
- Vitamins C and B
- -remain dissolved in water
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Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI's)
- identify the optimum of a nutrient to:
- Prevent a nutrient deficiency
- reduce the risk of a chronic disease
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DRI
consists of six values.
- 1. Estimated Average Requierment (EAR)
- 2. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
- 3. Adequate Intake (AI)
- 4. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
- 5. Estimated Energy Requierment (EER)
- 6. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
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EAR
the average daily intake level of a nutrient that will meet the needs of half of the people in a particular category
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RDA
the average daily intake level required to meet the needs of 97-98% of people in a particular category
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AI
the recommended average daily intake level for a nutrient; used when the RDA is not yet established
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UL
The highest average daily intake level that is not likely to have adverse effects on the health of most people.
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EER
The average dietay energy intake level to maintain energy balance
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AMDR
Describes the portion of the energy intake that should come from each macronutrient.
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Enriched
- nutrients that are added to processed foods
- that had been lost during processing
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Fortification
add nutrients that werent otherwise in there.
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Ntrient Density
Foods of the highest nutrients in exchange for the least calories
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Discretionary Calories
extra calories after meeting most nutrient dense food requierments
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Minerals
Our bodies require at least 100mg per day of major minerals such as calcium, phosphoros, magnesium, sodium, potasium, and chroride
we require less than100mg per day of the trace minerals such as iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and floride
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Minerals
- Substances that do not contain carbon and required for body processes
- many different functions, energy production, fluid regulation, and bone structure
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