Chapter 2

I - knew - it - all - along phenomenon. The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.

Examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses

An explanation using an integrated set of principals that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables.

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principals.

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.

All the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn.

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and how well either factor predicts the other.

A statistical index of the relationship between two things

A graph cluster of dots, each represents the values of two variables.

The perception of a relationship where none exists.

A research method to manipulate one or more factors, independent variables and other relevant factors

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance

An experiment were both the participants and the research staff are blind about whether the research participants have received treatment or placebo.

Documented in reducing pain, depression and, anxiety.

People receive the treatment of placebo.

The people who do not receive the treatment of placebo.

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

The outcome factor; variable that may change in response to the independent variable.

Scores on aptitude tests to form a normal, or bell-shaped curve

Research procedure in which the researcher is unaware of the condition to which each participant is assigned

quality of measurement in its everyday sense,
reliability is the "consistency" or "repeatability" of your measures

extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure