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A carbohydrate a ?
Monosaccharide
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What is the function of carbohydrates?
To give quick energy
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Monosaccharides contain how many carbon atoms?
Between 3 and 7 carbon atoms
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Glucose has how many carbon atoms?
6
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Disaccharides contain what?
two monosaccharides
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What is maltose?
It is formed from 2 glucose molecules
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What is sucrose?
(table sugar) that is formed from glucose and fructrose
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Polysaccharides
Complex carbs that require more energy for the body to break the bonds between them.
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Glycogen
The storage of glucose in humans
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Where is glycogen stored?
In the liver
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In what species is starch found in?
Plants
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What is cellulose known as?
Fiber or roughage
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Why can't humans digest cellulose?
Because humans do not have the proper digestive enzymes
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What are lipids?
Fatty acids & glycerol
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What are the functions of lipids
To store energy and insulate around the organs
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What is one of the unique characteristics about lipids?
They are nonpolar which causes them to be hydrophobic (water-fearing)
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What are the differences between unsaturated fats and sturated fats?
Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.
Saturated fats are solid and stored at room temperature.
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What type of fatty acid does not have hydrogens bonded to every possible bonding site?
Unsaturated fats
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What types of fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogens boned to the molecule?
Saturated Fats
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What types of lipids contain a polar 'head' and a non polar 'tail'?
Phospholipids
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What are steriods?
Lipids that have a backbone of four carbon rings.
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Cholesterol is a type of what?
Steroid
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Proteins are composed of what?
Amino Acids
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What are the functions of proteins?
some serve as structual proteins and others as functional proteins
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Role of proteins in the body?
- structual proteins such as nails and hair
- transport proteins such as hemoglobin and red blood cells
- hormones
- muscles
- enzymes
- anitbodies
- form part of plasma membranes
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Uniqe characterisitics of proteins?
amino acids are joined with peptide bonds
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What is a dipetide?
When two amino acids join together
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What is polypeptide?
When three or more amino acids join together
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The structures of proteins?
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quarternary
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What is a primary structure?
Linear sequence
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What is a secondary structure?
Alpha helix
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What is a teritary structure?
3D Shape
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What is a quarternary structure?
2 or more linked polypeptides
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What is metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body
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What are enzymes?
substances that help speed up a reaction, but are not used up by the reaction.
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Enzymes are specific to a particular what?
Substrate, they only work with substances that they have a particular fit with.
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What do enzyme end with?
-ase
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Substrates normally end with?
-ate
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What is the active site?
The location in which the enzyme and the substrate fit together
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Enzymes _______ the activiation energy of a chemical reaction
LOWER
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What are the factors that influence enzyme activity?
- pH (acid)
- Temperature (heat)
- concentration of reactants and products
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Nucleic Acids are composed of what?
nucleotides
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What are the functions of nucleitides?
Store genetic information, make proteins, and serve as an energy molecule
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What do nucleotides contain?
- some type of phopshate group
- some type of sugar molecule
- some type of nitrogenous base
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What are the three types of nucleic acids?
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What is DNA?
The way genetic information is stored in the body
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What does DNA contain?
- phosphate
- 5 carbon sugars=deoxyribose
- nitrogen base (adeninie, guanine, cytosine, and thymine)
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RNA contains what?
- phosphate
- 5 carbon sugars = ribose
- nitrogen base (adennine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil)
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ATP is used as?
An energy molecule that is spent in the body when work needs to be performed.
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ATP contains what?
- 3 phosphate groups
- 5 carbon sugar= ribose
- nitrogen base (adenosine)
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For every glucose molecule the body breaks down ____ ATP.
36
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