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Antecedent
the clause in the major premise of a conditional argument that establishes the conditions that will lead to an outcome; the "if" clause in the major premise of a conditional argument
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Categorical argument
a syllogism or an enthymeme with a major premise that establishes categories in which the subject of the minor premisewill fit. The major premise takes the form "All As are B."
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Classical structure of an argument
the logical form that an argument should take
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Cogent argument
another term for a sound argument
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conclusion
the statement in a syllogism that is the inevitable outcome of accepting the major and minor premises. It must be absolute in a syllogism and maybe provisional in an enthymeme
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Conditional Argument
a syllogism or an enthymeme with a major premise that establishes what will happen if particular conditions exist. The major premise takes the form "If A then B." Also called "hypothetical argument."
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Consequent
the clause in the major premise of a conditional argument that establishes the outcome if the conditions of the antecedent are met; the "then" clause in the major premise of a conditional argument
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Deductive reasoning
argumentation in which the conclusion is included in the premise; an argument that reasons from what is known with certainty in the premises to a conclusion that is known with certainty
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enthymeme
an argument that is missing at least one part of the syllogism, comes to a probable conclusion, or both
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Formal Validity
having the correct structure or "form."
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hypothetical argument
another name for the conditional argument
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inductive reasoning
an argument that comes to a probable instead of an absolute conclusion, or that reasons from what is known in the premises to a conclusion that is unknown in the premises
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Major premise
the part of a syllogism that is an unequivocal general statement about the subject of the argument
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major term
the term in a categorical argument that appears in both the major premise and the conclusion; the category into which both the minor term and middle term fit
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materially true argument
an argument that reaches a truthful conclusion or uses premises that are true, as much as "truth" can be determined
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middle term
the term in a categorical argument that appears in both the major premise and the minor promise; the category into which the minor term fits
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minor premise
the part of a syllogism that is a statement about a specific case, covered by the generalization of the major premise
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sound argument
an argument that is both materially true and formally valid
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syllogism
a deductive argument that includes a major premise, minor premise, and conclusion that is the inevitable result of accepting the premises
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valid argument
an argument that is properly structured, in which all of the logical components fit together corectly
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