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anabolism
process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials
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catabolism
process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy
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cell membrane
structure surrounding and protecting the cell.
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chromosomes
rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes
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cytoplasm
all the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane
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DNA
chemical found within each chromosome
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endoplasmic reticulum
structure (canals) with the cytoplasm
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genes
regions of DNA within each chromosome
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karyotype
picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell
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metabolism
the total of the chemical processes in a cell
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mitochondria
structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy
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nucleus
control center of the cell
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digestive system
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach. intestines, liver, gallbladder, urinary bladder, urethra
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urinary or excretory system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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respiratory system
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
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reproductive system
ovariers, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
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endocrine system
thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands
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nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves
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circulatory system
heart, bood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland
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musculoskeletal system
muscles, bones and joints
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skin and sense organs
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands; eye, ear, nose and tounge
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adipose tissue
collection of fat cells
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cartilage
flexible connective tissue attached to bones and joints
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epithelial cells
skin cells that cover the exteranal body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs
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histologist
specialist in the study of tissues
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larynx
voice box located at the upper part of the trachea
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pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
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thyroid gland
endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
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ureter
on of two tubes each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder
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urethra
tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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cranial cavity
brain, pituitary gland
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thoracic cavity
lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
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pleural cavity
space between the folds of the pleura surrounding each lung
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mediastinum
centrally located area outside of and between the lungs
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abdominal cavity
the peritoneum is the double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
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diaphram
a muscular wall divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities
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pelvic cavity
portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladdar, urethra and ureters; uretus and vagina in the female
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spinal cavity
nerves of the spinal cord
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peritoneum
double layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
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pleura
double layered membrane surrounding each lung
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dorsal (posterior)
pertaining to the back
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ventral (anterior)
pertaining to the front
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hypochondriac
right and upper regions beneath the ribs
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epigastric
middle upper region above the stomach
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lumbar
right and left middle regions near the waist
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umbilical
central region near the navel
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inguinal
right and left lower regions near the groin also called iliac regions
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hypogastric
middle lower region below the umbilical region
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cervical
neck region C1-C7
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thoracic
Chest region T1-T12
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lumbar
loin (waist) region L1-L5
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sacral
region of the sacrum S1-S5
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Coccygeal
Region of the coccyx - tailbone
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spinal column
bone tissues surrounding the spinal cavity
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spinal cord
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
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disk-disc
pad of cartilage between vertebrae
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Deep
away from the surface
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superficial
on the surface
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proximal
near the point of attchement to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
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distal
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
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inferior
below another structure
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superior
above another structure
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medial
pertaining to the middle or nearer the medial plane of the body
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lateral
pertaining to the side
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frontal (coronal) plane
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
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sagittal (lateral) plane
lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left side
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transverse plane (cross-sectional or axial)
horizontal plane running across the body parallel to the ground
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cervic/o
neck (of the body or if the uterus)
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chondr/o
cartilage (type of connective tissue)
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coccyg/o
coccyx- tailbone
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dors/o
back portion of the body
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ili/o
ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
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pelv/i
pelvis, hip region
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trache/o
trachea, windpipe
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umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus
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ventr/o
belly side of the body
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vertebr/o
vertebra(e), backbone(s)
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-ose
pertaining to, full of
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-type
picture, classification
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