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Hyperpigmentation: darkening of the skin, particularly in creases and skin folds
Addison's disease caused by increased secretion of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, acanthosis nigricans
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Striae: puplish red marks below the skin surface-usually seen on abdomen, breasts and buttocks
Cushing syndrome
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Changes in skin texture:
1.thick cold, dry skin
2.thick, leathery, oily skin
3. warm, smooth mosit skin
- 1.Hypothroidism
- 2. growth hormone excess (agromegaly)
- 3. hyperthyroidism
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Changes in hair distribution
1. hair loss
2. diminished axillary and pubic hair
3. hirsutims(excessive facial hair on women)
- 1. hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, decreased pituitary secretion
- 2. cortisol deficiency
- 3. Cushing syndrome, prolactinoma(pituitary tumor)
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Skin ulcerations:
areas of ulcerated skin, most commonly found on the legs and feet
Peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease are contributing factors in the development of diabetic foot ulcers
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Edema: generalized edema
Mucopolysaccharide accumulation in tissue in hypothyroidism
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Visual changes:decreased visual acuity and/or decreased peripheral vision
Pituitary gland enlargement/tumor leads to pressure on optic nerve
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Expophthalmos:eyeball protrusion from orbits
Occurs in hyperthyroidism as a result of fluid accumulation in eye and retroorbital tissue
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Moon face:periorbital dedema and facial fullness
Cushing syndrome as a result of increased cortisol secretion
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Myxedema:puffiness, periorbital edema, masklike effect
Hydrophilic mucopolysaccharides infiltrate dermis in patients with hypothyroidism
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Goiter:generalized enlargement of thyroid gland
Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, iodine decifiency
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Thyroid nodules:localized enlargement of thyroid gland
may be benign or malignant
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