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Discipline
- Field of study
- Branch of education
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Academic Discipline
- Aim to know
- Descriptive theories
- Research - applied and basic
- Ex. chemistry, physics, biology, sociology, anthropology
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Professional Discipline
- Practical
- Theories - prescriptive and descriptive
- Ex.: medicine, law, nursing, social work
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Science
- Process and Product
- Validates theory
- Focus on cause and effect
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Science as process
- Systematic inquiry
- Empirical observations
- Procedures / methods to acquire knowledge
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Science as product
- Empirical knowledge
- Result of investigation (process)
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Humanity
- Learning focused on the human and concerns of the human
- Ex. philosophy, arts, languages
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Hypotheses
- Suggests that there's a relationship between 2 concepts or propositions.
- Educated guess that must be proven.
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Law
- Validated relationship between concepts or propositions
- Observable and measurable
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Metaparadigm
- Broad view of a discipline
- Global perspective
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Conceptual Model
Visual or figurative representation of a concept
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Grand Theory
- Incorporates multiple theories
- Not easily measurable or testable
- Most global type of theory
- Abstract concepts
- Ex., Orem - Self-Care; Rogers - Science of Unitary Human Beings; Roy - Conceptual Nursing Model
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Middle Range Nursing Theory
- Limited # of concepts
- Concrete concepts - measurable and testable
- Examples:
- Description of phenomena - grief, discomfort
- Relationship of phenomena - novice-to-expert, end-of-life
- Predicting effects of phenomena - adopting healthy behaviors
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Critical Thinking
- Skillful and responsible
- Study problem from all angles
- Exercise best judgment to draw conclusions
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Logic
- Science of correct reasoning
- Valid induction and deduction
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