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what is biodiversity?
the variety of all forms of life, from genes to species, through to the broad scale of ecosystems
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Types of biodiversity
- 1.Genetic diversity
- 2.species diversity
- 3.ecosystem diversity
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Genetic diversity:
the total genetic information contained within all individuals of a species
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Species diversity
the variety of species on earth
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Ecosystem diversity
the array of biotic communities in a region along with abiotic components, such as soil, water, and nutrients
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endemic species
species that are found in an area and nowhere else
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Habitat fragmentation
fragment large, contigous areas of natural habitats into small isolated fragments
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Bioremediation
the use of bacteria, archea, and plants to metabolize pollutants and render them harmless
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Stability of a community
- 1.withstand a disturbance without changing
- 2.recover to former levels of productivity or species richness after disturbance
- 3. maintain productivity as conditons change overtime
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Resistance
measure of how much a community is affected by disturbance
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Resilence
measure of how quickly a community recovers following a disturbance
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ex situ conservation:
the perservation of species in zoos, aquariums, or other artificial settings
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what does a species-area plot show?
-the number of species found, on average, in a habitat of given size
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WHat does a GAP analysis do?
-it compares the current distributions of species with the locations of preserved habitats
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what is resilience?
-the ability to recover from a disturbance
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what is the primary cause of endangerment in marine environments?
overexploitation
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How does fragmentation reduce habitat quality?
fragmentation reduces habitat quality by creating edges that susceptible to invasion and loss of species, due to changed abiotic conditions
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Eutrophication
adding too many nutrients
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Edge effects
- 1.Abrupt edge: just one big tree at the end and then no plants after. Decreases buffer
- 2.Gradual edge: the big forest gradually recedes into smaller plants then eventually disappears, increases buffer and increases diversity of the area type
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Optimum yield
- when fisheries fish till 1/2 of carrying capacity , that is where the maximum growth rate is located and the population will bounce back to maximum growth rate immediately
- -maximum yield
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Bottom trawling
fish with net, bottom of net has tires dragged along bottom, makes the bottom of the ocean barren
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By catch...consequence
non target species get caught
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TED(Turtle Exclusion Device)
-avoid by catch
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Purse Seine Fishing
- circular net
- -unfair type of fishing
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Cynaide fishing
- 1.cyanide binds to hemoglobin not allwoing them to get oxygen to blood
- 2.Mainly used for aquarium trade
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Story of Africa
- 1.Nile perch introduced to the lake for sports fishing
- 2.Cichlid diversity reduced by 40% because Nile Perch is predator
- 3.People eat Nile Perch and burn many trees
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