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The definition of psycology is generally considered...
scientic study of behavior and study thought processes
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Dr. Clark is interested in the ways girls and boys differ in their
understanding of moral behavior as they age. Clark’s research focuses
on the subfield of _____ psychology.
Developmental
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Which branch of psychology studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, thinking, and learning?
experimental
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The areas of clinical and health psychology are similar because both:
focus on problems that involve difficulties in everyday life as well as more serious mental or physical disorders.
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The main focus of clinical psychology is on which aspect of human behavior?
understanding and treating psycological disorders
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the majority of psycology majors work in what field?
Social work
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Cogonitive psycologists are most interested in...
how people process new information
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the study of worry, stress and anxiety on the body is apart of what field of psycology
health
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what does psycology try to apply science to
real problems
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what is behavioral neuroscience
focuses on the biological basis of behavior. studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior
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experimental psycology
studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, leaning and thinking about the world
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developmental psycology
examines how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.
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social psycology
is how peo otherple think, feel, and act because they are affected by others
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psycological diseases to physical health is what field
health
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what field deals with people that are having trouble adjusting to new surroundings like, school, work, social
counseling
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clinical psycologists
study, diagnose and treat psycological disorders
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where do psycologists work
academic settings, teach class, conduct research or practioner
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psychiatrists do..
they get a doctorate degree, assest, diagnose and treat psycological disorders.
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psycologists need..
graduate training
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what person does behavior analysist, industrial business, counseling and clincal works.
practioners.
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1879 in important because
willhem wundt had the the first psycology lab
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Early psychologists studied the mind by asking people to describe what
they were experiencing when exposed to various stimuli. This procedure
was known as
introspection
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The ability of human beings to adapt to their environments is a central concern in the _____ perspective
funcionalist
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Those who identify with the psychodynamic perspective emphasize
unconcious rather than concious causes of behavior
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John B. Watson, an advocate of the behavioral perspective, believed that a person’s achievements depend most on:
training or experiences within the enviorment
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main theme of humanisitc approach
is free will to make their own decisions
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Psychologists who adopt the ______ perspective often compare how humans
process information to the way computers operate: information is
inputed, saved, and later retrieved.
cognotive
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A teacher believes that one of her student’s aggressive behaviors may be
due to his parents’ recent divorce and not to a genetic trait. The
teacher’s thinking reflects the controversy of
nature vs nurture
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Which
issue in psychology concerns whether the field should focus on
processes going on within the individual’s mind rather than on behaviors
that are clearly visible
internal vs. observable
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On the issue of individual differences versus universal principles, a neuroscientist is likely to
universal principles rather than indiviual differences
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functionalsim emphazies
beahvior and consciousness. interested in how and why something happens to you.also the adaptability
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Neuroscience/Biological
- how people function
- love, fear, hunger, what these feelings do to our bodies.
- also heredity and evolution
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psycohdynamic
- understanding the inner person
- behavior is motivated by inner forces
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behavioral
- observes the outer person
- fearful beacuse of past experiences
- people are who they are because of enviormental forces
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cognotive
- identifying roots of understanding
- came out of functionalism
- think, know, understand, problem solve
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humanistic
- unique qualitites
- free will
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sociocultural
shaped by culture, influenced by enviorment
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determinsim vs free will
behavior is choosen by the individual vs behavior is determined
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research/scientic method in psycology has 4 steps
- identify question of interest
- formulate hypothesis with explanation
- carry out research to support or refute hypothesis
- communicate the findings
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what is a theory
broad explanations and prediction concering interest
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hypothesis
prediction- can be tested
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operational definition
translation of hypotheses into specificm testable prodcedures that can be measured and observed
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If you were to spend some time watching people in the checkout line of a
local discount store to see how many read the tabloid newspapers
displayed next to the register, you have chosen the _____ research
method to answer your question
naturalist observation
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Which of the following approaches might be used when trying to conduct a case study of chief executive officers of corporations?
intensively interview a small group of people
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The mathematical score that indicates how much two attributes are related to each other is called the
correlation coeffient
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Which of the following is the major problem involved in conducting a correlational study?
cause-and-effect cannot be concluded
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archival research
research in which exsiting documents and data are tested for hypothesis
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correlation research
research inwhich two variables are determined to see if they are correlated
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treatment
the manipulation implemented by experimenter
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The purpose of ethical guidelines in psychological research is to:
to protect the rights of humans and animals
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A researcher uses a different tone of voice while speaking to groups of
participants in a problem-solving study. She speaks encouragingly to
students in a class for the gifted, and with a discouraging voice to a
remedial class. This shows the experimental bias of
experimenter expectations
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Deception may be used in an experiment to overcome problems with
participant expectations
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When determining the validity of research there are fundamental questions
that must be asked. When we know that a particular study has evolved
from a clearly specified theory, then we can answer the question:
what was the purpose of the study
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One of the issues in using college students as research participants is
that compared with the general population, college students tend to:
have less-formed attitudes
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One advantage of using nonhuman animals in psychological research is that
their life spans are shorter
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what are neurons
nerve cells, the bais elements of the nervous system
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all or none law
either all neurons work, or they don't.
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resting state
the neuron has a negative charge
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action potential
a electric nerve impulse that travles through a neurons axon when it is set off by a trigger
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a cluster of fibers at one end of the neuron that recieves messages
dendrite
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axon
the part of the neuron that carries messages to destined other neurons
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small bulges at the end of axons that send messages
terminal buttons
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myelin sheath
a protevtive coact of fat, protein that wraps around the axon.
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mirror neurons..
fire when they enact a behavior but also when they are observing others
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the space between two neurons where the ason of a sending nuron communicates with dendrite of a reciving neuron
synapse
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neurotransmitters
chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite
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a chemical message that makes it more likely that a revieving neurons will fire and an action potential will travel down the axon
excitatory message
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prevents or decreases the likelihood that a reveiving neuron will fire
inhibitory message
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reuptake
the reabsorbtion of neurotransmitters by a terminal button.
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One
class of neurotransmitters consisting of a family of chemical produced
by the brain that are similar in structure to painkilling drugs is:
endorphins
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Having not enough dopamine in certain parts of the brain is involved in _____.
parkinsons disease
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acetylcholine
muscle movement, cognitive functioning
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gamma-amino
eating, aggression, sleeping
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movement control, pleasure and reward
dopamine
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sleeping, eating, mood, pain, depression
serotonin
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pain suppression, pleasurable feelings, appetities, placebos
endorphins
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