Plant development

embryonic leaves

embryonic stem

embryonic root

stem with more than one flower group

increase in size through cell division/ expansion

generation of cellular diversity

overall aqusition of form and shape

prcoesss generating a particular spatial arrangement of cell types and tissues

keep cells alive and functioning

only in some cells. allow that cell to carry out a certian function

Chemical whose concentration varies which is involved in pattern formation and to which cells respond differently to based on thresholds

growth that occurs near the tips or root/shoot apical meristems.

outermost layer for protection and interaction with the enviornment

Photosynthetic portion, storage, support

transport long distant and support

H₂O and minerals move from root to shoot.

move products of photosythesis down the plant

• 1. cellulose microfibrils and cross linking hemicellulose.
• 2. matrix pectin
• 3. structural proteins (lignin in secondary growth

• 1. Cellulose microfibrils
• 2. hemicellulose
• 3. pectin

• 1. strength and support for the body
• 2. allows for growth and expansion
• 3. protect cell contents
• 4. regulates uptake and release of substances

primary

primary and secondary

by size or by unequal distribution of molecules

transcriptional and gene specific

housekeeping and cell/tissue specific

• 1. cell division
• 2. cell expansion
• 3.cell-cell signaling

• 1. growth
• 2. cell differentiation
• 3. morphogenesis
• 4. pattern formation

• 1. involves four basic processes
• 2. the four processes involve different cell behaviors
• 3. the behavior are controlled by proteins made in the cell
• 4. development is a process
• 5. the fate of the cell is a consequence of its linage and postion
• 6. pattern formation can involve the interpretation of postion info
• 7. asymmetric divison make cells different form each other

plants have a diploid (spore) and hapliod (gamete) phases

• 1. sequences in genes in its gene
• 2. insertional mutant lines
• 3. whole genome micorarrys

rigid network of polysaccharides and proteins which suuround a plant cell

transport into the cell wall

everthing outside of the the PM

direct transport of molecules between cytoplasms of two cells that are linked by plasmadesmata

lined with pm with desmatubule(ER) running through

pm lined channels between cells. are gated and have size excelusion

signaling

enter and exiting the cell across the pm

identifies all gens involved in a process

use to determine a function of a particular gene

• 1. perform mutagensis
• 2. screen for the mutants that have a particular phenotype
• 3. Perform detailed genetic and phenotypic characterization
• 4. identify gene dirupted mutant

• 1. treat seeds with mutagen (M1 seeds)
• 2. Plant M1 seeds and give rise to M1 plants (look WT)
• 3. collect M2 seeds
• 4. plant M2 and look through M2 plants for mutant phenotype

• 1. EMS= chemical, single nucleotide changed
• 2. electormagnetic radiation=chromosome deletion/breakage which lead to inversion, deletions, and translocations

• 1. backcross to WT plant
• 2. determine complementation groups

• why= there may be more than 1 mutation in a given plant
• how=cross mutant to wt
• f1 hetero for mutation(wt), f2 identify mutation repeat ~ 3x

• why= determine how many genes you have identified
• how= cross mutant with each other and look at f1

mutations that correspond to disruption in same group

determine the molecular identity of a gene based only on its mutant phenotype