Hand Surgery

7 basic maneuvers performed by the hand

Precision (terminal) pinch

Oppositional pinch

Key pinch

Directional (chuck) grip

Hook grip

Power grasp

Span grasp

Which finger contributes to approximately 40% of hand function and is necessary for precision and power grip?

The tendons with muscles originating proximal to the wrist are referred to as what?

The motor units with mucles originating within the hand are referred to as what?

The carpal tunnel contains the median nerve and what else?

Guyon's canal lies _____ to the carpal tunnel and contains what?

From which joint does most of the thumb's ROM generate?

The sensory innervation to the palmar surface of the hand is via which nerve(s)?

The sensory innervation to the dorsal surface of the hand is via which nerve(s)?

Which nerve innervates most of the intrinsic muscles?

Which nerve controls thumb opposition by innervating the majority of the thenar muscles?

Which nerve(s) innervate the extrinsic extensor tendons to the thumb, fingers, and wrist? 

The trochlea and capitellum of the distal humerus articulate with what surfaces to form the elbow?

How many axes of motion does the elbow have?

Which carpal bones articulate with the distal radius? 

This carpal bone is a sesamoid bone within which tendon?

The anatomic snuff box is between which dorsal compartments?

No tendons have a major inserion on the carpus other than the ________, which is where the _____ ____ _______ attaches.

Theses caprometacarpal joints have minimal motion & form the stable central ray of the hand.

These metacarpals are mobile and can flex and rotate toward the midline of the palm to enhance grip.

Greater mobility is the reason that larger degrees of fracture malalignment can be tolerated with metacarpal neck fractures of these fingers as compared to these fingers.

Which ligament is the most important stabilizer of the thumb CMC joint? 

This anatomical area gives origin to the extensor and flexor muscles of the wrist and hand and to the pronators and supinators of the forearm.

The lateral epicondyle of the humerus gives origin to the _____ ________ ______ and to the origin of the _______ carpi ________ brevis.

The medial epicondyle is the origin of the _____ ______ ______ and the humeral origin of the ______ _________ _____________.

The "mobile wad of three" help to initiate elbow extension. Name the muscles.

What muscle is the primary extensor of the elbow?

To test for the function of the supinator, test the patient's ability to supinate with the elbow ______, because the biceps can supinate the forearm with the elbow ________.

This muscle pronates the forearm with the elbow extended. 
This muscle pronates the forearm with the eblow flexed. 

How many compartments are formed at the wrist as the extensor tendons pass under the extensor retinaculum?

This compartment is most commonly involved in tenosynovitis, which is commonly referred to as deQuervain's syndrome.

This compartment contains the ECRL and the ECRB, which extend and radially deviate the wrist.

3rd dorsal compartment: This muscle attaches to the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb and generates extension of the thumb IP joint. Only this muscle can cause true hyperextension of the IP joint. This muscle crosses those of the 2nd compartment and forms the anatomic snuff box along with the tendons of the 1st dorsal compartment.

4th dorsal compartment: Extensor digitorum communis blends with the extensor hood of all 4 fingers. The extensor indicis proprius bleds with the extensor tendon of the index finger. Which muscle's tendon is on the ulnar side at the level of the MCP joint making it identifiable for tendon transfers?

This muscle (in the 4th dorsal compartment) allows for independent index finger extension (at the IP joints), whereas this other muscle provides combined extension of all 4 digits at the IP joints.

5th dorsal compartment: These muscles allow for the independent extension of the small and index fingers, respectively (which is essential in forming the "hook 'em horns" sign). 

Sixth dorsal compartment: This muscle attaches on the ulnar side of the 5th digit metacarpal and causes wrist extension and ulnar deviation.

This dorsal compartment moves from dorsal, in supination, to palmar, in promation.

This is considered the most powerful wrist flexor and is innervated by which nerve?

These are the only 3 flexor tendons that pass outside the carpal tunnel. 

This muscle crosses the carpal tunnel as 4 tendons, with these 2 being superficial to the other 2.

This muscle causes flexion of the PIP joints of the digits.

This muscle causes flexion of the DIP joints.

This muscle is a single muscle to the middle, ring, and small fingers, which prevents it from independently flexing each digit.

Which nerve generally innervates the flexors of the forearm/wrist/hand?

This nerve is generally responsible for innervation of the extensor muscles.

Test the median nerve (sensory & motor).

Test the ulnar nerve (sensory & motor).

Test the radial nerve (sensory & motor).