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sin embargo
still however nevertheless
Estos tres conectores son equivalentes a sin embargo o aun así. Van siempre después de una pausa fuerte y seguidos de coma.I never went to university. However, / Nevertheless, / Still, I had a successful career.
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pero
aunque
- But (pero)
- / although, even though, though (aunque)
My father wanted me to be an engineer but I became a carpenter.
Although / Even though / Though my father wanted me to be an engineer, I became a carpenter.
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aunque el es millonario vive en un piso muy pequeño
Even though he's a millonarie, he live in a very small flat
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el gano la carrera aunque era mas viejo que los otros
He won the race even though he is older than the others
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a pesar de
- Despite of
- in spite of
- although
- even though
Despite +noun/ verb ing
in spite of + a noun/ verb ing
- Despite being a millionaire, he lives in as small flat
- In spite of this money he lives in a small flat
He lives in a small flat even though, he is a millionaire.
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en cambio
yo siempre he vivido en Glasgow, en cambio, mi hermano se mudo a londres cuando el era muy joven
In contrast
I have always lived in Glasgow. In contrast, my brother moved to London when he was very young.
Hay que distinguir bien estas dos expresiones, ya que no son equivalentes.
In contrast significa en cambio y on the contrary se puede traducir por el contrario.
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PARA EXPRESAR PREFERENCIA O ELECCIÓN
Instead of (something / doing something), rather than(something / doing something).
Ambas expresiones significan en lugar de, en vez de.
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en lugar de
Instead of (something / doing something),
Instead of moving to London, I stayed in Glasgow.
My brother moved to London. I stayed in Glasgow instead.
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En vez de
Rather than moving to London, I stayed in Glasgow.
I became a carpenter rather than an engineer.
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PARA EXPRESAR CAUSA
- Because, for* + frase (porque) /
- because of + sustantivo(por)
*for tiene un uso exclusivamente literario
I was lucky because / for I found a good job.
I had a good salary because of my job.
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como, ya que
- As, since (como, ya que) son alternativas de because.
- As suele ir al principio de la frase. No hay que confundir este since con el que hace referencia al tiempo (desde).
As / Since / Because I was young, I wasn't afraid of the future.
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es por eso
- That's why
- siempre inicia una nueva oración.
I worked for a very successful company.
That's why I always had a steady job.
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supongo que es por eso que
I guess that's why
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PARA EXPRESAR CONSECUENCIA
- so
- Therefore,
- consequently
- as a result
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por lo tanto
Therefore, consequently y as a result
- son equivalentes a por lo tanto.
- Suelen aparecer al principio de la oración, seguidas de coma.
I didn't choose to follow my father's advice.Therefore, / Consequently, / As a result, no one in my family went to university.
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asi que
So (así que)
se suele usar dentro de una frase. En lenguaje coloquial también puede introducir una oración. En este caso va seguido de coma.
I wanted economic independence, so I got a job as soon as I finished school.
So, if I could change something in my life, I would only change my age.
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PARA EXPRESAR FINALIDAD
- to
- in order to + infinitivo
- For+ ing
- so(that)
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para (finalidad, motivo)
To / in order to + infinitivo
- significan para.
- En negativo solamente se puede utilizar in order not to.
I had to move to London to / in order to find a better job.I had to accept the new salary in order not to lose my job.
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para (pero proposito concreto)
para lo que lo necesito
For + -ing también significa para pero indica el propósito concreto de un objeto o una acción:
I needed money for buying a new car.
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para en oraciones subordinadas
So (that) + oración subordinada (para que). En lenguaje más informal, that se puede eliminar.
My father sent me to university so (that) I could become an engineer.
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