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What is a non-pressure tank car?
They will either have no pressure or low pressure, and are also known as general service or low pressure.
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What do non-pressure tank cars typically carry?
Hazard Class: 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9
- -Flammable / combustible liquids
- -Liquefied gases
- -Oxidizers
- -Organic peroxides
- -Corrosives
- -Poisons
- -Molten solids
- -Nonhazardous materials such as clay, corn, syrup
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What is the pressure range for non-pressure tank cars?
Pressure ranges from 60 - 100 psi.
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What is the minimum and maximum capacity for non-pressure tank cars?
4,000 – 45,000 gallons
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What are the two types of non-pressure tank cars?
- Without Expansion Dome: no dome, with visible fittings at the top
- With Expansion Dome: dome with visible fittings on top (not as common)
They are cylindrical with rounded heads. Closures include fittings and valves visible on top of the cars, with often a bottom unloading valve.
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What distinguishes a pressure tank car?
They are cylindrical tanks with round heads.
They have fittings and valves enclosed in dome. Normally located inside protective housing, or a protective dome mounted on single man-way.
Off-white paint indicating sprayed on thermal insulation.
Black paints indicates jacketed tank car.
Closures typically located underneath protective dome housing on top of tank.
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What do pressure tank cars typically carry?
Hazard Class: 2, 3
Flammable, nonflammable, and poisonous gas
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What is the capacity of a pressure tank car?
4 000 to 45 000 gallons
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What is the pressure range for pressure tank cars?
Pressure ranges from 100 - 600 psi.
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What distinguishes a cryogenic liquid tank car?
They are made up of two tank cars (tank within a tank) with an alloy steel inner tank and strong outer tank. The outer tank is made of carbon-steel material.
The space between tanks is filled with insulation and placed under vacuum.
Fittings for loading and unloading, pressure relief and venting are in ground-level cabinets at diagonal corners of the car or in the center of the car.
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What do cryogenic liquid tank cars typically carry?
Hazard Class: 2.2
- Refrigerated liquids
- -Liquid argon
- -Ethylene
- -Hydrogen
- -Nitrogen
- -Oxygen
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What is the pressure range for cryogenic liquid tank cars?
Pressure ranges from 25 psi or lower.
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What is the temperature range for cryogenic tank cars?
Anything bellow 130 F / -90 C
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How are contents of pneumatically unloaded pressure cars loaded and unloaded?
Unloaded through a pressure differential, by application of air pressure.
Pressure is used only when loading and unloading, tank test pressures range from 20 to 80 psi.
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What is the design of pneumatically unloaded hopper trailers?
Rounded ends with two or more sloping sided bays on the bottom.
Safety relief valves are located at each compartment and set at 75% tank pressure.
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What is transported in a pneumatically unloaded hopper car?
Hazard Class: 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
- Transports:
- -ammonium nitrate fertilizer
- -dry caustic soda
- -plastic pellet
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What distinguishes IM-101 and IM 102 portable tank?
Only the data is capable of determining which tank it is (not the structure of the container)
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What is the pressure range of an IM-101 (IMO Type 1 Internationally) portable tank? IM-102?
Built to withstand lower maximum allowable pressure (MAWP) from...
- IMO-101:4 - 100 psi
- IMO-102:5 - 25.4 psi
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What is the hazard class of transport in an IM-101 (IMO Type 1 Internationally) portable tank? IM-102?
- IMO-101:
- 3 (flammable/ combustible liquids)
- 4 (flammable solids)
- 5 (oxidizers / organic peroxides)
- 6 (poison)
- 8 (corrosives)
- (acetone, alcohols, benzene, gasoline, liquid fertilizer, corrosive liquids)
- IMO-102:
- 3 (flammable/ combustible liquids)
- 6 (poison)
- 8 (corrosives)
- (liquor, acetone, alcohol, benzene, gasoline, liquid fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, resins, industrial solvents, and corrosive liquids, food)
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IM-102 is also capable of hauling flammables with flash point range ranging between what temperatures?
32 and 140 F
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What is the design of an IM-101 and IM-102 tank?
Cylindrical stainless steel according to American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Closures on top of container.
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What is the capacity of a pressure intermodal tank container (DOT Spec 51 or IMO Type 5)?
5 500 gallons
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What is the pressure range of a pressure intermodal tank container (DOT Spec 51 or IMO Type 5)?
100 – 500 psi (liquefied gas)
689 to 3450 kPa
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What is the design of a pressure intermodal tank car (DOT Spec 51 or IMO Type 5)?
Cylindrical stainless steel according to American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Closures located at top end of container protective housing.
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What is the typical hazard class transported in a pressure intermodal tank container (DOT Spec 51 or IMO Type 5)?
- 2 (compressed gas)
- 3 (flammable / combustible liquids)
Used for liquified petroleum gas (LPG), anyhdrous ammonia, Br, Na, aluminium alkyds
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What is the pressure range of a cryogenic intermodal tank?
25 psi or less
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What is the hazard class held in a cryogenic intermodal tank?
2 (compressed gases)
Refrigerated liquid gases such as liquid argon, liquid helium, liquid nitrogen, ethylene, and liquid oxygen
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What is the design of a cryogenic intermodal tank (IMO type 7)
Tank within a tank design, with insulations between inner and outer tanks. The space is maintained by vacuum.
Cylindrical stainless steel according to ASME.
Fusible link on cable activates remote shut off.
Valves and fitting in a compartment on the top, ends, and sides of the container.
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What is the international name for cryogenic intermodal tank?
IMO type 7 containers
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What is the pressure range for tube modules (intermodal container)?
3 000 to 5 000
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What is the hazard class carried in tube modules (intermodal container)?
2 (compressed gas)
For pressurized non-liquefied gases like noble gases.
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What is the key characteristic of tube modules?
High-pressure cylinders permanently mounted within an international standard organization (ISO) frame.
Several horizontal seamless cylinders from 9 to 48 in in diameter.
Cascade type valve.
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What are some typical known characteristics of dry bulk cargo tanks that help distinguish them?
“V” shape hulls.
Large un-insulated containers referred to as "pneumatically off-loaded hopper trailers"
Carries very heavy loads making them prone to tipping over.
Static charges are a common hazard.
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What is the capacity of dry bulk cargo tanks?
1 500 cubic feet
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What is the hazard class transported in dry bulk cargo tanks?
- 5.1 (oxidizer)
- 8 (corrosives)
- 9 (miscellaneous hazardous material)
Transports bulk material like ammonium, nitrite fertilizer, cement, grain, dry caustic soda, and plastic pellets.
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What are the distinguishing characteristics of non-pressure liquid cargo tanks (TC 406)?
Large oval ends / elliptical cross sections
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What is the capacity of non-pressure liquid cargo tanks (TC 406)?
7 500 to 10 000 gallons
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What is the maximum allowable working pressure of non-pressure liquid cargo tanks (TC 406)?
3 psi to 5 psi
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What is the hazard class carried by non-pressure liquid cargo tanks (TC 406)?
3 (flammable / combustible liquids)
Transports petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel, oil)
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What are the physical characteristics of low pressure chemical tanks (TC 407)?
Round cylindrical (noninsulated) / horseshoe shape (insulated and ribbed)
Double-shelled insulation
One or two compartments for overturn protection
Circular single work platform and tank crossection
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What is the capacity of low pressure chemical tanks (TC 407)?
5 000 to 7 000
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What is the internal vapor pressure range of low pressure chemical tanks (TC 407)?
18 psi at 100o F (Low pressure considered to be less than 40 psi at 170o F)
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What is the hazard class carried by low pressure chemical tanks (TC 407)?
Used to transport flammables and mild corrosives
- 3 (flammable / combustible liquids)
- 6.1 (poisonous gas)
- 8 (corrosives)
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What are the physical characteristics of corrosive liquid cargo tanks (TC 412)?
Circular cross section, with external reinforcing ribs.
Overturn and splash protection at dome and cover valve locations.
Black tar like material.
Outlet at or near top of the tank must have shut off valve as close to the tank as possible.
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What is the capacity of corrosive liquid cargo tanks (TC 412)?
5 000 to 6 000 gallons
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What is the pressure range for corrosive liquid cargo tanks (TC 412)?
35 to 50 psi
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What hazard class is transported by corrosive liquid cargo tanks (TC 412)?
- High density liquids and corrosives
- 8 (corrosives)
Nitric and sulfuric acid.
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What are some physical characteristic of high pressure cargo tanks (TC 331)?
Circular cross sections with rounded ends or heads.
Single shell non-insulated tank.
Upper 2/3 painted white or reflective color to reduce heating from sun.
Uses two remote closures that are operate by mechanical and thermal means. (front and rear)
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What is the capacity of high pressure cargo tanks (TC 331)?
2 500 (bobtail) to 11 500 (cargo tank car)
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What is the pressure range for high pressure cargo tanks (TC 331)?
100 to 500 psi
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What is the hazard class carried in high pressure cargo tanks (TC 331)?
Liquefied compressed gases such as propane and anhydrous ammonia.
2 (compressed gas)
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What are the physical characteristics of compressed gas tube trailers?
Often referred to as tube trailers, they cylinders are stacked and cascaded together with controls at the rear.
Cascade valve system at rear of tank.
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What is the pressure range for compressed gas tube trailers?
3 000 to 5 000 psi
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What is the hazard class carried by compressed gas tube trailers?
2 (compressed gas) for bulk non liquefied gasses such as noble gasses
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What are the physical characteristics of cryogenic liquid cargo tanks (TC 338)?
Well-insulated design. Double shell tank with pressure relief protection. Space under vacuum.
Tank within a tank.
The fittings are located in cabinet at the end of the container.
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What is the capacity of cryogenic liquid cargo tanks (TC 338)?
5 000 to 14 000 gallons
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What are cryogenic liquid cargo tanks (TC 338) used to transport?
Cryogenic material (Product is a gas that is liquefied by cooling it to at least -130o F) such as liquefied argon, ethylene, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
Hazard Class: 2.2 (non-flammable, non-toxic gas)
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What are the characteristics of cone roof tanks?
Tank with vertical cylindrical walls supporting fixed inverted cone roof.
If constructed to American Petroleum Institute, the weak seam roofs are designed to fail in case of fire or explosion.
Can have insulation for heavy fuel oil and asphalt service.
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What is the working pressure of cone roof tanks?
Atmospheric pressure at 0 to 0.5 psig
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What are the kind of materials stored in cone roof tanks?
Combustible, corrosive, and flammable liquids
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What is contained in geodesic domes with floating roofs?
3 (flammable / combustible liquids)
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What is the hazard class carried by open floating roof tanks?
- 3 (flammable / combustible liquids)
- 8 (corrosive liquids)
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What are some characteristics of open floating roof tanks?
Wind girder around top of tank shell.
Ladder on roof.
Roof floats on liquid surface.
Seal area between tank shell and roof.
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What are some distinguishable characteristics of covered floating roof tanks?
Large vents found at the top of the tank shell
Cone roof tank with an internal floating roof.
Seal area between tank shell and roof.
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What is the capacity of a lifter roof tank?
Stores flammable and combustible liquids up to 1 000 000 gallons.
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What are some distinguishable characteristics of a vapor dome roof tank?
Vertical storage tank that has a giant bulge or dome on its top (walls supporting fixed dome-shaped roof)
Roof will always fail as designed.
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What is the working pressure of a vapor dome roof tank?
0 to 0.5 psig
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What is the hazard class carried by a vapor dome roof tank?
- 3 (combustible / flammable liquids)
- 5 (oxidizers and or organic peroxides)
- 9 (Miscellaneous hazardous material)
- Non hazardous materials such as molasses and fertilizers
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What is the capacity of a horizontal tank (atmospheric)?
300 to 20 000 gallons
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What is the hazard class typically carried in a horizontal tank?
- 3 (flammable / combustible liquids)
- 5 (oxidizers and organic peroxides)
- 6 (poison)
- 7 (radioactive)
- 8 (corrosive liquids)
- 9 (miscellaneous hazardous material)
Mainly flammable and combustible liquids, corrosives, and poisons.
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What is the design of a horizontal tank?
Horizontal cylindrical tank sitting on legs and blocks.
Structural integrity of the supports is critical.
Older tanks have a bolted construction.
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What are underground storage tanks used for?
Primarily storing petroleum products.
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What do underground storage tanks look like?
Horizontal tank constructed of steel, fiberglass, or steel with fiberglass coating.
Any tanks with greater than 10% surface area underground is considered an underground tank.
Visible clues are vents; fill points, and potential occupancy / locations.
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What is the general capacity of pressure tanks?
1 000 to 3 000 gallons
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What is the design for pressure tanks?
Single shell non-insulated tanks. Rounded ends indicate high pressure.
Painted white or reflective color.
Example: Spheroid, sphere
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What is stored in pressure tanks?
LP gases, anhydrous ammonia, vinyl chloride, high vapor pressure flammable liquids
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What are the distinguishing characteristics of a cryogenic tank?
Heavily insulated with a vacuum in the space between inner and outer shell.
Primarily found at heavy industrial facilities, hospitals, and gas processing facilities.
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What is the capacity of a cryogenic tank?
Several hundred to 1 000 gallons.
(500 to 20 000 gallons)
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What is the working pressure of a cryogenic storage container?
Varying pressure, but it can be up to 300 psi.
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What is the hazard class typically carried in a cryogenic storage container?
2.2 (non-flammable, non-poisonous compressed gas)
Stores lox, nitrogen, CO2, Ar, H
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What is the design and construction of a flexible container?
Big bags known as bulk bags. A large woven fabric or cloth bag that typically ranges from 15 to 85 cubic ft and contain 500 to 5 000 lbs of material.
Fill port on top. Discharge port on bottom.
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What are the hazard classes carried in bags?
- 1 (explosives)
- 4 (flammable solid)
- 5 (oxidizers and organic peroxides)
- 6 (poison)
- 8 (corrosives)
- 9 (miscellaneous hazardous material)
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What is the basic design of a bag?
May be paper, cloth, burlap, plastic, or a combo of them.
Typically contains up to 100 lbs of material.
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What is the design of carboys?
Glass or plastic bottles with a protective cover used to keep the bottle from breaking during transportation. Typically surrounded by polyethylene or in a box for protection.
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What is the capacity of a carboy?
It will not exceed 20 gallons (typically 1 gallon)
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What is the hazard class carried by carboys?
- 6 (poisons)
- 8 (corrosives)
May be used to transport nonhazardous material.
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What are the primary characteristics of drums as non-bulk storage containers? What are the two types of drums?
Drums come in variety of sizes made of metal, fiberboard, or plastic.
Open Head Drums: have removable tops, no noticeable openings and are designed for solids. Head of drum is called a "chime ring"
Closed Head Drums: have non-removable tops, noticeable openings, and are designed for liquids. Has two opening called "bungs"
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What is the capacity of a drum as a non-bulk storage container?
Typically it is 55 gallons but can be smaller or up to 85 gallons.
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What are some example materials carried in drums that are used as non-bulk storage containers?
- Lubricants
- Caustic powers
- Corrosives
- Flammable / combustible liquids
- Poisons and pesticides
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What are the basic characteristics of dewer flasks?
Open head, non-pressurized, vacuum jacketed vessels
Valves may be installed on container heads
Container with a container. Commonly found in labs. May be fixed wheeled units, and will often have dispensing tubes attached.
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What is the capacity of a dewer flask?
1 to 1,000 liters
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What is the hazard class of dewer flasks?
- 2.2 (non-flammable, non-poisonous compressed gas)
- Liquid argon
- Liquid nitrogen
- Liquid oxygen
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What is the capacity of a flexible container (super sack)?
- Standard size from 15 to 85 cubic feet
- Weight varies from 500 to 5 000 pounds
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What are the hazard classes typically carried in flexible containers (super sacks)?
- 1.5 (very insensitive explosives with mass explosion hazard)
- 5 (oxidizers and organic peroxides)
- 6 (poisons)
- 8 (corrosives)
- 9 (miscellaneous hazardous material)
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What are distinguishing characteristics of rigid containers such as polypropylene and steel tanks (composite IBC)?
A polypropylene tank surrounded by a rigid metal frame with a fill port on top and a ball valve at the discharge port on the bottom.
-
What is the capacity of rigid containers such as polypropylene and steel tanks (composite IBC)?
Standard size ranges from 300 to 500 gallons
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What is the hazard class typically carried in rigid containers such as polypropylene and steel tanks (composite IBC)?
- 1.5 (very insensitive explosive with mass explosion hazard)
- 5 (oxidizers and organic peroxides)
- 6 (poisons)
- 8 (corrosives)
- 9 (miscellaneous hazardous material)
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What are the distinguishable characteristics of ton containers?
Approximately 3 ft in diameter and 8 ft long with convex or concave heads.
Have two valves for vapor and liquid.
All fittings are in the heads including fusible plugs and / or spring loaded safety relief valves.
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What is the capacity of a ton container?
Capability of container to transport 1 ton of chlorine.
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What is carried by a ton container?
2 (compressed gas)
Pressurized and liquefied gases such as chlorine, phosgene, anhydrous ammonia, and sulfur dioxide.
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What are the capacity markings on a pipeline?
- Must have:
- -type of product
- -owner of pipeline
- -contact number in case of breach
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What is the design of a pipeline?
Designed in accordance with ASME standards.
Remote shut off devices located along pipeline, may be electronically monitored.
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What is the material hazard class carried by pipeline?
- 2 (compressed gas)
- 3 (flammable / combustible liquids)
- 6 (poisons)
- 8 (corrosives)
- 9 (misc)
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What are "pigs"?
Pipeline Inspection Gauge allowing different products be transported in the same line of a pipeline.
Hugs interior of pipe.
Isolates a product. Pushes one product in front while being pushed by another product.
Monitoring device transmits pig location.
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What is the basic design of a type A container?
Has inner containment vessel made of plastic, glass, or metal surrounded by packing material of polyethylene, rubber, vermiculite, or wood.
-
What is the capacity of a type A container?
Must be able withstand rain equal to 2 in per hour and a 4ft drop.
Can maintain being stacked with own weight above for at least 24 hours.
Withstand penetration from 13.2 lb object dropped 40 in.
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What are the intended materials of type A containers?
Intended for materials with higher level of radiation than allowed in excepted or industrial packages (radio pharmaceuticals and radiography instruments)
Has non-life-endangering amounts of radioactivity.
-
What is the label found on Type A boxes?
Radioactive labels on package and shipping material (radioactive II)
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What are the intended materials for a type B container?
It is to protect materials with higher radioactivity levels, such as spent fuel rods.
Limits on activity provided by Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations Part 173.431.
-
What is the design of a type B container?
Small drums to heavily shielded steel casks.
They have to be recertified by NRC every 5 years before use.
-
What are the labels on Type B containers?
Look for the words "Type B"
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What is the testing for a Type B container?
- Free drop, crush
- Puncture
- Heat
- 50 ft water immersion
(plus type A regulations)
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What is the use of Type C containers?
Rarely used and still in development.
Highly active materials such as plutonium can only be transported via aircraft.
-
What are the labels and marking on type C containers?
"Type C" on package.
Marked with trefoil symbol.
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What are the 3 categories for industrial containers?
(Based on strength)
IP-1 packages must pass the same design requirements of expected packaging
IP-2 packages must pass same tests as Type A for free drop and stacking
IP-3 packages must pass same tests as IP-2 as well as the Type A water penetration test
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