pharm test 2

shortness of breath and wheezing

respiratory disease caused by emphysema and chronic bronchitis

irritation of respiratory tract from cigs and pollutants

• destruction of alveolar walls
• irreversible lung damage

• NE, EPI and Dopamine
• ANS(SNS)

MAO and COMT

are drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system.(NE and EPI)

block the effects of the adrenergic neurotransmitter 

• stop the effect of neurotranmitters by taking up the site at the receptors, thus blocking any room for the agonists to fit in.

• ***Decrease HR, RR, BP, Temp
• Constrict Pupils
• Increase Peristalsis***

a substance that opposes or blocks the action of acetylcholine.

• 1) Thoracolumbar
• 2)fight or flight
• 3)pre-gang=ACh
•    post-g=NE/ACh
•    adrenal= EPI, NE
• 4) heart, large/small arteries and veins, smooth musc of gut and resp tract, liver, sweat glands, orgasm

• 1) craniosacral
• 2) rest and digest
• 3)pre and post g= ACh

acetylcholinesterase

• -sympathomimetic
• -acts like NE
• - direct, indirect and dual

mobilize the brain and body for action

• -parasympathomimetic
• -mimics ACh
• -direct and indirect

• 1) binds to cholinergic receptor
• 2) anticholinesterase, makes more ACh available at receptor by blocking AChE in synaptic cleft

• 1) binds to R and cause physio response
• 2) release of catecholamine from nerve end
• 3) bind to R and release neuroT from nerve end

• 1) sympatholytic
• 2) alpha and beta blockers are antagonists, they bind to adrenergic receptors and block/inhibit stimulation of SNS

• 1) directly competing w/ NE (competitive)
• 2) forming covalent bond w/ alpha adrenergic receptors to cause receptors to be less receptive to EPI or NE (non competitive)

• 1) parasympatholytic, anticholinergic
• 2) block ACh

competitive antagonists at muscarinic receptors of PSNS

inotropic: increase/decrease force of myocardial contraction

chronotropic: increase/decrease heart rate

dromotropic: increase/decrease speed of electrical conduction through the heart

• -narcolepsy and ADHD
• - bronchodialation
• - reduce pressure for glaucoma
• -nasal decongest
• - conjunctiva relief
• -increase BP

1) headache,insomnia, vasoconstrict, dry mouth, nausea

2) tremor, headace, dizzy

seizures and hypertension

epinephrine

• ephedrine
• phenylephrine

dobutamine

• albuterol
• formoterol
• terbutaline
• salmeterol

• -treat hypertension, vascular headache,pheochromocytoma, PVD, raynauds disease
• -cause vasocontrict

nausea,diarhea, orthostatic hypertension, tachy, dizzy

• prazosin
• terazosin
• doxazosin

end in "zosin"

bronchial and vaso constriction

• -treatment of hypertention, dysrhythmia, open angle glaucoma, migrane, mitral valve prolapse
• -protect heart after MI

NVD, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, thrombo

beta blockers

• nadolol
• propranolol
• timolol

• atenol
• metoprolol

end in "lol"

• treat glaucoma
• decrease intraocular pressure

diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis, antidote to cure type muscle relaxants

blur vision, sweat, flush, excess salivation, bronchoconstric

• S- salivate and sweat
• L- lacrimation
• U urinary incontinence
• D- diareha
• G- GI cramp
• E- emesis

atropine

• acetylcholine
• pilocarpine
• bethanechol

neostigmine

• -treat parkinsons, dysrhythmia, peptic ulcer, relex neurogenic bladder and incont
• - pre op
• - bronchospasms, asthma and COPD

dry mouth, constipate, tachy, dizzy, N&V

atropine and scopolamine

• 1) atropine
• 2) dicyclomine and ipratopium

stimulate nicotinic 1 receptors on ganglia

inhibit nerve transmission at nicotinic receptors

potent antihypertensive but limited use because of extreme adverse effects

• 1) unknown
• 2) relaxtion of spastic muscle

• cyclobenzaprine
• carisoprodol
• methocarbamol
• orphenadrine citrate
• metaxalone

• 1) normal end plate is blocked
• 2) treat spastic diseases(MS), cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury

• 1) depolarizing nicotinic receptor agonist mimic ACh and block muscle contraction
• 2) non depolarizing agents block agonist,ACH from binding to nicotinc recptor
• 3) direct muscle relaxants block release of Ca2 by blocking R in SR.

• 1) succinylcholine
• 2) curare and rocuronium bromide
• 3)dantrolene

• 1) anti cholinergic agents
• 2) dopaminergic
• 3)monoamine oxidase B inhibitor

• 1) block effects of ACh. cross BBB.
• 2) benztropine and trihexyphenidyl

• 1) major effect of akinesia(difficulty or lack of ability to initiate muscle movement
• 2)
• levodopa
• levodopa-carbidopa
• bromocriptine
• pramipexole

• 1) irreversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase B, preventing breakdown of dopamine
• 2) selegiline

• 1) block AChE in synaptic cleft which inhibits the reuptake of ACh back into nerve terminal = increase levels of ACh in synaptic cleft
• 2) Anticholinesterase
• 3) neostigmine

• -progressive disease of the CNS.
• -tremors at rest, bradykinesia, forward flex.
• -excess of cholergenic activity from an imbalance ofACh and dopamine
• - increase ACH
• -decrease dopamine

• -progressive, incurable, autoimmune
• - sk. muscle weakness and chronic fatigue
• -lack of ACh

found in mast cells and basophilic WBC in lungs, GI and skin

1) H1 on blood ves, bronchiolar sm. musc, and intestinal sm. musc

2) H2 in stomach, heart, blood ves and uterine

• 1) decreased
• 2) increased
• 3) contrict
• 4) contract
• 5) redness,edema,itch
• 6) increased

-mast cells can be prevented from releasing their contents or the H1 receptors can be blocked from interacting with histamine

• -used to relieve acute reactions in which histamine has already been released
• -block histamine from interfacing with its H1 receptors

cause sedation

do not cause sedation

• allergic reactions
• induce sleep
• relieve motion sickness
• anti emetics
• cold remidies

• -vasoconstrictors(stimulate alpha receptors in sm. musc)
• -reduce blood flow to mucous membranes
• -decrease swelling
• - ofton combined with antihistamines

• histamines
• prostaglandins
• leukotrines

• 1) Beta-adrenergic drugs
• 2) Xanthine Derivatives
• 3)anti-cholinergenic

• -bronchodialators
• -steroids
• -leukotriene antag
• -mucolytics
• -expectorants