Chapter 27,28,29 Review

  1. What structure in the embryo gives rise to the ductus deferens?
    mesonephric duct
  2. Know what gubernaculum testis does.
    brings the testis down into scrotum
  3. The bulbospongiosus muscle is innervated by what kind of nerves?
    somatic efferent neuron
  4. How is the penis attached to the pubic arch? The crura of what tissue?
    corpora cavernosa
  5. How is the hypothalamus involved in the onset of puberty?
    release of GnRH
  6. What does inhibin do secreted by the sustentacular cells)
    stops FSH
  7. Spermatozoa arise from type A or B spermatogonia?
    B spermatogonia
  8. What happens in anaphase II?
    sister chromatids seperate from each other
  9. What develops into the male reproductive tract?
    mesonephric duct
  10. What sugar provides energy for sperm motility?
    fructose
  11. What is the name for the network of veins in the spermatic cord that keeps blood temp. low?
    pampinoform plexus
  12. What is the name for the fibrous capsule around the testes and corpora cavernosa?
    tunica albaginea (white coat)
  13. What do the seminal vesicles produce? What percentage of semen?
    semen, 60%
  14. How is the blood testis barrier formed?
    sustentacular cells
  15. What’s the earliest haploid stage of spermatogenesis?
    secondary spermatocyte
  16. How is erection occurred? Dilation of which arteries?
    deep arteries
  17. What is the form and function of the spermatids’ acrosome?
    allow sperm to penetrate egg, enzyme
  18. What is compatible to the penis in the female?
    clitoris
  19. What stage are secondary oocytes in?
    1st haploid stage
  20. Progesterone is responsible for which phase of the menstrual cycle?
    secretory phase
  21. What does falling progesterone levels do to the endometrium?
    ischemia
  22. When is colostrum secreted?
    end of pregnancy
  23. Why don’t most nursing women get pregnant?
    prolactin inhibiting GnRH
  24. What does smooth muscle cells does oxytocin target?
    myometrium and myoepithelial cells
  25. Does ovulation occur during the luteal phase of the sexual cycle?
    no, proliferative phase
  26. What is a follicle?
    fluid filled space housing the egg
  27. What is menarche?
    first menstrual period
  28. What is corpus luteum?
    ovulated follicle
  29. What is the first layer of cells around a secondary oocyte?
    corona radiata
  30. What is the difference between a primary and secondary follicle?
    secondary follicle has vesicles of fluid
  31. Menopause occurs during _____________.
    climacteric
  32. Know the definition of conceptus.
    the embryo or fetus and placenta as well the membranes associated with it
  33. What is infundibulum, isthmus, fimbrae?
    infundibulum is trumpet shaped tube with feathory projections called fimbrae, the isthmus is a tube nearer to the uterus
  34. Know what lochia is and when it’s produced
    vaginal secretion for 6 six weeks after childbirth
  35. Know the difference between the morula and blastocyst stages.
    morula enter the uterus, while blastocyst implant on uterus
  36. Where do chorionic villi come from?
    syncytiotrophoblast
  37. What is an example of aneuploidy in the female?
    turner syndrome
  38. Where does fetal urine go?
    amnion
  39. How does photoaging affect senescence? Through primarily which system?
    integumentary system
  40. What is the function of the decidual cells during gestation? What do they nourish?
    nutrition for trophoblast
  41. What is an example of teratogens? Not bacteria, but _______________.
    viruses
  42. Know the definition of aneuploidy and nondisjunction.
    aneuploidy is presence of abnormal number of choromosomes, nondisjunction is failure for sister chromatids to seperate
  43. What are chorionic villi?
    extension of chorion fetal placenta
  44. Where do the enzymes for fertilization lie in the sperm? What organelle?
    acrosome
  45. Know the physical and mental characteristics of Down’s Syndrome or Trisomy 21.
    mental retardation, stubby fingers, flat face with epicantal folds, short stature, and enlarged tongue
  46. What does the foramen ovale become after birth?
    fossa ovalis
  47. What is the definition of embryo? What three layers must have formed by this stage?
    when primary germ layers form
  48. Is ployspermy a common occurrence in fertilization?
    no
  49. What happens at the end of meiosis in females?
    1 haploid oocyte and 2 polar bodies
  50. What does cleavage refer to right after fertilization?
    first mitotic division in the first 3 days after fertilization
  51. What is the multinucleated mass that develops roots in the endometrium after conception?
    syncytiotrophoblast
  52. What hormone does the above mass produce?
    HcG
  53. What is the effect of HCG on the ovaries? What hormones are they stimulated to produce?
    estrogen and progesterone
  54. What is the fetal component of the placenta?
    chorionic villi
  55. Know about fast block and slow block.
    fast block-sodium channels, slow block-calcium channels
  56. What kind of oocyte is released at ovulation?
    secondary
  57. What is the name of the fertilized egg?
    zygote
  58. Know about ectopic pregnancies and where they may occur.
    fallopian tubes (tubal pregnancy-uterine tube)
  59. Know the embryonic membranes such as chorion, yolk sac, allantois, and amnion.
    chorion is outermost membrane formed by villi, yolk sac hangs from ventral side of embryo, allantois is foundation of umbilical cord, and amnion is sac filled with fluid
  60. Know what ectoderm and mesoderm give rise to.
    ectoderm-NS and epidermis, mesoderm-muscle and skeleton
  61. Are the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, bypasses
    yes
  62. How does the neonate get immunoglobulins?
    IgG from placent, IgA from breastmilk
  63. What are teratogens?
    chemicals that cause birth defects
  64. Know Downs, Kleinfelters, and Turner Syndrome
    down-trisomy 21, kline-xxy, turner-xo, triplo-xxx
  65. How do primary male sex characteristics develop? Due to what hormone?
    testosterone
  66. How does the female sex characteristics develop?
    absence of testosterone
  67. What is cryptorchidism?
    undescended testis
  68. What forms the blood testis barrier?
    tight junction between sustentacular cells
  69. How do the testicles get elevated closer to the body?
    cremaster
  70. What are the roles of LH and FSH in the testis?
    LH increase testosterone prod., FSH increase androgen
  71. What’s the process that converts spermatids into mature spermatozoa?
    spermiogenesis
  72. What artery does the corpus cavernosus get blood from?
    deep artery
  73. What stratum in the endometrium is shed as menstrual flow every month?
    stratum functionalis
  74. What are the equivalents of the penis and scrotum in the female?
    clitoris and labia majora
  75. What does myometrium mean?
    muscular layer of the uterus
  76. Know the definitions of pubarche, menarche, thelarche.
    pubarche-growth of pubic hair, thelarche-development of breast
  77. Know that risk factors (smoking, etc.) contribute to breast cancer.
    alcohol, obesity, smoking
  78. What does FSH do in the ovary?  Are estrogen levels high or low when FSH is produced?
    follicle are stimulated to grow, low
  79. LH causes ________ and is released with high levels of which hormone?
    ovulation, estrogen
  80. What do estrogen and progesterone do to the endometrium
    estrogen-thickening of endometrium, progesterone- increase glandular development
  81. What happens when the spiral arteries of the uterus constrict? Due to the decline of which hormone?
    ischemia, progesterone
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TopShot102
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331568
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Chapter 27,28,29 Review
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Review
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