MSK_Diagnostic Testing

  1. Radiography (plain x-rays) - Indications - 3
    • Lung or heart disease
    • Foreign objects
    • Dysfunction &/or disease of bones
  2. PA - x-ray view
    • Pt prone
    • X-ray shot of front
  3. Anterioposterior – x-ray view
    • Pt supine
    • X-ray shot of back
  4. Radiography (plain x-rays) - to interpret MSK, what acronym?
    • A - Alignment
    • B - Bone density
    • C - Cartilage spaces - presence of subchondral bone; epiphyseal plates; jt space width
  5. The more dense the structure (bone), the ____ the structure will appear on x-ray
    Whiter
  6. Open-mouth x-ray - Indication - 1
    • What is looked at? - 4
    • Upper C-spine - specifically Odontoid fx
    • Anatomy of C1-C2 vertebrae
    • Dens (Odontoid process)
    • Lateral masses of C1 vertebra
    • Malalignment or fracture of vertebra
    • Image Upload 2
    • Image Upload 4
  7. Open-mouth x-ray - What should you see if there is an impairment? - 2
    • Fx of dens & its translation caudally
    • Lateral masses of C1 are NOT aligned
    • Image Upload 6
  8. Vertebral compression fx 
    • What does this look like?
    • Who is this condition most present in?
    • Collapsed vertebrae (d/t trauma or weakened vertebrae)
    • Most present in pts w/osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta
    • Image Upload 8
  9. Spondylolisthesis - best x-ray view to assess for this condition?
    • Lateral view - in order to see the anterior slippage of superior vertebrae
    • Image Upload 10
  10. Spondylolysis - best x-ray view to assess for this condition?
    • Oblique - SCOTTY DOG - in order to see the fx in pars interarticularis
    • Image Upload 12  Image Upload 14
  11. ACL tear - Normal vs. Tear
    Normal                            Tear

    Image Upload 16       Image Upload 18
  12. PCL tear - Normal vs. Tear
    • Normal                           Tear
    • Image Upload 20            Image Upload 22
  13. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Indications - 4
    • Soft tissues
    • Primary method of examination of tumors
    • Demyelination
    • Vascular abnormalities
  14. MRI - T1
    • Shows what?
    • Shows up how on MRI?
    • Used to assess what?
    • Fat within tissues
    • Fat appears white
    • Assesses bony anatomy
  15. MRI - T2
    • Shows what?
    • Shows up how on MRI?
    • Used to assess what?
    • Tissues w/high water content
    • Appears brighter
    • Assesses soft tissue structures
  16. CT or CAT scan - MSK Indications - 4
    • Complex fx
    • Facet dysfunction
    • Disc disease
    • Stenosis
  17. CT or CAT scan - Neuro Indications - 3
    • Areas of acute bleeding
    • Cerebral edema
    • Cerebral infarction (3-5 days after stroke)
  18. MRI vs CT scan - What is general mechanism of how they work?
    • MRI - sectional imaging using radio waves & magnetic fields; doesn't rely on ionizing radiation
    • CT scan - sectional imaging using x-rays; relies on ionizing radiation
  19. MRI vs CT scan - What are 2 major differences
    • Ionizing radiation - MRI doesn't use it; CT scan does
    • Tumors - MRI hard to distinguish bet edema & tumors; CT scan identifies tumors easily
  20. MRI vs CT scan -  What conditions/body tissues are best to use w/MRI? (2 Why’s)
    • Soft tissue structures - ligament & tendon
    • SCI - nns & spinal cord
    • Brain tumors
  21. MRI vs CT scan - What conditions/body tissues are best to use w/CT scan? - 3
    • Chest & Abdomen
    • Bone injuries
    • Cancer
  22. MRI vs. CT scan vs. Radiographs - Abdomen & Chest
    • Soft tissues - mms, tendons, ligaments
    • Trauma - bone fx, blood, organ injury
    • CT
  23. MRI vs. CT scan vs. Radiographs - Brain
    • CT  - when speed is important - trauma/stroke
    • MRI - when images need to be very detailed - cancer, causes of dementia or neurological diseases (MS)
  24. MRI vs. CT scan vs. Radiographs - Spine
    Spinal cord & nns - MRI
  25. MRI vs. CT scan vs. Radiographs - Soft tissues - mms, ligaments, tendons
    MRI
  26. MRI vs. CT scan vs. Radiographs - Trauma - bone fx, blood, organ injury
    CT
  27. Ionizing radiation - possible w/what tests? None w/what tests?
    • Radiation - X-ray; Bone scan; CT or CAT scan
    • NONE - MRI
  28. What is orthography used for?
    Abnormalities within joints such as tendon ruptures
  29. What is Myelography traditionally used for? - 2
    • Discs
    • Stenosis
  30. Lumbar puncture - does what?
    • At what level?
    • Measures intracranial P & spinal fluid dynamics
    • Below L1-L2
  31. Complications of lumbar puncture - 4
    • Severe HA w/CFS leakage
    • Infection
    • Epidural hematoma
    • Uncal herniation
Author
Tanuisha
ID
325481
Card Set
MSK_Diagnostic Testing
Description
MSK_Diagnostic Testing
Updated