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Pulmonary_Everything Else

  1. What must be done in order to give Supplemental O2?
    MD prescription
  2. When is supplemental O2 needed for SaO2 (Arterial O2 saturation)? What does this number correspond to for PaO2?
    • <88%
    • 58 mm Hg
  3. Chest excursion - upper; middle; lower Thoracic excursion in health, measured at base of lungs from full inspiration to full expiration, is between:
    • Upper - 2-3 cm
    • Middle - 3-5 cm
    • Lower - 5-7 cm

    bet 2-3"
  4. Gravity-dependent & independent areas - shunt vs, dead space; Perfusion problem - involved side how? Ventilation problem - involve side how? Where is blood found in upright position?
    • Shunt = Gravity dependent 
    • Dead space = Gravity-independent  

    • Perfusion problem - involved side down
    • Ventilation problem - involved side up
    • Upright position - blood is found at base of lung
  5. Ventilation (V) perfusion (blood flow - Q) ratio - V/Q; High V/Q ratio means what? Low V/Q ratio means what?
    High V/Q ratio = Dead space BC gravity independent areas have lowest blood flow (Q)

    Low V/Q ratio = Shunt BC gravity dependent areas have most blood flow (Q)
  6. Cotomies - thoracotomy & midsternotomy - incision
    • Thoracotomy - follows path of 4th intercostal space
    • Midsternotomy -Sternum is cut in half lengthwise and rib cage is retracted
  7. Sputum - colors - Diff diagnosis - Mucoid; Frothy sputum; Purulent
    • Mucoid (clear, thick) - Cystic fibrosis
    • Frothy sputum - Pulmonary edema
    • Purulent (yellow or green) -Infection
  8. RR - normal; INC
    • Normal - 12-20 bpm
    • Tachypnea - > 20 bpm
  9. Peripheral edema seen in gravity-dependent areas and jugular venous distension indicates possible what?
    Heart failure
  10. Orthopnea is what?
    Difficulty breathing except in the sitting or standing position
  11. Inspiratory muscles - primary -2
    • External intercostals
    • Diaphragm
  12. Inspiratory muscles - accessory - 3
    • SCM
    • Scalenes
    • Pectoralis minor
  13. Expiratory muscles - 3
    • Internal intercostals
    • Abdominals
    • Quadratus lumborum
  14. By fixing shoulder girdle, which mms can become muscles of inspiration? - 3
    • Trapezius
    • Pectorals
    • Serratus
  15. During inhalation the upper two ribs are raised by what? - 2
    • Scalenes
    • SCM
  16. Tactile fremitus & pleural effusion or pneumothorax - INC or DEC?
    DEC
  17. Tactile fremitus & consolidations - INC or DEC?
    INC
  18. Removal of chest tube - leads to what? why?
    • Pneumothorax
    • INC (+) P on lungs --> cannot inflate --> collapses
  19. Trachea deviation TOWARD pathology - 1
    Lung collapse or V loss phenomenon on R - would pull trachea over to R
  20. Trachea deviation AWAY from pathology - 3
    • Pneumothorax
    • Hemothorax
    • Pleural effusion

    Air (pneumothorax) /sterile fluid (effusion) /blood (hemothorax) in pleural space would push contents of that side hemithorax to opposite side, including trachea
Author
Tanuisha
ID
324473
Card Set
Pulmonary_Everything Else
Description
Pulmonary_Everything Else
Updated

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