NREMT-paramedic- medical

SHOCK _ usually leads to anerobic metabolisim.

Compensated shock.

will still show mild tachycardia and pale skin.

De compensated shock

Cardiogenic Shock

Hypovolemic shock

start fluids early.

Septic shock

• two types toxic shock and lemierres syndrome
• lemmiers comes from pyorea and causes a blood clot ing the jugular. toxic is from improper use of tampons.

neurogenic shock

ANAphylactic shock.

hypovolemic is acute and due to blood loss of some kind

distributive is loss of tone and blood vessels and low peripheral vascular resistance.

• 1- increasing periphreal vascular resistance
• 2-controlling hemhorraging by tamponading blood vessels in the legs and pelvis
• 3-stabilizing fractures in the legs and pelvis preventing more blood loss.

• 1-Epidermis-outermost and interacts with environment
• 2-dermis
• 3-subcutaneous- fatty tissue. has follicles, suderrifrious glands and sebaceous glands

Internal bleeding

a liver laceration will give pain to the right shoulder

kehrs sign will go to the left of a ruptured spleen

ridgid and distended abdomen means internal bleeding

breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue that releases toxins into the blood. further leading to renal failure.

can be caused by cholesterol lowering drugs, psych drugs, and opiates.

• Sclara
• cornea.-----external

• iris
• choroid layer

• retina
• anterior- drains fluids
• posterior- produces aqueous humor
• vitreous humor-

Arm drift- motor function symmetry

facial droop

speech.

A visceral right upper quadrant, abdominal pain. have nausea and vomiting.

• 1-pinpoint pupils
• 2-seizures
• 3- respiratory depression/ arrest
• 4-hypotension
• 5-Decreased LOC
• 6-nausea

is when a sickle cell patient has thier RBC's cluster together and prevent blood flow.

• 0.3-0.5 MG
• 1:1000 IM

B, C, D and G

• 1- tachycardia
• 2-hypertension
• 3-hyperthermia

its a vasoconstrictor and a sympathomimetic

its a transient ischemic attack. usually short term and less than 24 hours. it really is tissue ischemia but no infarction.

Means the baby moved to the lower into the pelvis.

Increase in depth and rate of breathing. trying to offset diabetic ketoacidosis

IGE antibody

responsible for allergic reactions and immediate hypersensitivity.

• Burning of acrylics nylon wool and cotton
• silver polish
• and fruit pits.

The volume increases by up to 50%. also causes relative anemia.

to cause bronchiodialation and to engage the beta adrenergic receptors

toxins build up in the blood which leads to cardiac arrhythmia. and then you have fluid overload

• 1-shock findings
• 2-systemic inflammation
• 3-have some time of airway upper or lower inflammation.

failure of the kidneys to execrate the right amount of urea.

1- on the alpha receptors it causes vasoconstriction and stabilize capillary permeability

2- the beta receptors cause vasodialation. promotes incresed cardua output to treat shock and broonchodialation to treat bronchoconstriction

• 1- altered mental status slurred speech and all
• 2-respiratory depression
• 3-HYPOTENSION

when that happens the parasympathetic tone kicks in. causes bradycardia and hypo tension.

pit vipers are rarely fatal.

black widows-neurotoxic and causes cns depression. causes muscle spasms, seizures, and paralysis.


the brown recluse spider is hemo and cytotoxic

• 1-priapism
• 2- severe pain in the joints
• 3- back pain.

spasm and pain associated with the renal kidney stones

• its side effects of alcohol withdrawal. happens 2-3 days w/o alcohol.
• -tachycardia
• -hypertension
• -diaphoresis
• - and hallucinations

• -valium- diazepam
• -xanax- alprazolam
• -ativan- lorazepam
• -rohypnol- rufies

check airway. the apply alcohol or vinegar. remove the stings by scraping and apply heat.

its to store and filter blood and old red blood cells.

• 1-edema
• 2-visual disturbances
• 3-headache
• 4-hypertension
• 5-altered mental status
• 6-hematourea

because there is no insulin the brain. the problem arises from dehydration and acidosis

• tonic-full body muscle contractions
• clonic- convulsion of muscle groups
• postictal- LOC slow return

is caused by the inflammation of the peritonium. its commonly more localized.

usually a history of alcohol abuse

the pain is usually mid line upper quadrant pain and radiating to the back. Vomiting, and shows signs of internal bleeding in really severe cases

• 1- altered mental status
• 2-kussmals respirations
• 3-tachycardia
• 4-hypotension
• 5-hot/dry skin

Beta secretes insulin and alpha secretes glucagon.

in sickle cell its a vaso-occlusive crisis that occurs in the pulmonary vessels. can lead to a pulmonary infection

• Opportunistic infections
• 2- weight loss
• -3 swollen spleen and lymph nodes
• 4-sore throat
• 5 febrile illness

• 1-non specific febrile illness
• 2-light colored stools
• 3-dark urine
• 4-fatigue
• 5-nausea, vomining
• 6-jaundice
• 7-abdominal pain.

buildup of fluid around the liver as a result of portal hypertension. it looks like fluid edema in the abdomen. and is usually with liver disease.

give alpha agonists and beta agonists. to relive the bronchospasm and increase the rate of ventilation

iv steroids treat the emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. nebulized epi also reduces the reduces the mucous production. atropine also stops the mucous production.

Usually have unilateral right quadrant abdominal pain. starts in the umbilicus and goes to the lower right quadrant. sometimes have a fever and nausea and vomiting.

• 1-follicular phase
• 2-ovulation
• 3-Luteal phase
• 4-menstration
• 5-proliferative phase
• 6-secratory phase

Stimulate liver to relese glycogens stores

• 1-upper airway edema
• 2-lower airway obstruction 
• 3-vasodilation 
• 4-uritcaria and swelling
• 5-gi distress
• 6-anxiety feeling of doom

Alpha, beta, delta

• 1- confused dizzy weak
• 2-decreased LOC
• 3-facial drooping
• 4-double vision
• 5-speech

• 1-creatinine
• 2-urea
• 3-potassium
• 4-sodium
• 5-hydrogen ions
• 6-phosphate

inflammation of the peritoneum, it can be diffuse but its more localized.

Shift of fluids in the body and excessive urination as a result of hyperglycemia. thins out glucose thickened blood and eliminate excess sugar from the body

• Organophosphates
• cyanide
• plant toxins
• cocaine

start crystalloid fluids to reverse shock and dehydration.

• Flu-like symptoms
• tachycardia
• tachypnea
• altered
• ataxia

hypovolemia

its when theres a buildup of UREA that so bad that you need a kidney transplant.

is angina that has increased in frequency and duration

Is angina that occurs because of vasospasm.

Pump, Rate , and the volume.

Pulmonary artery

• Beta agonist
• and para-sympatholytic

is the breakdown of the alveoli and the loss of the surface area. that causes the body to impair the body's ability to exchange Co2 and oxygen.

It increases in automacity and then heart heart rate. then a increase in contractility,

• it causes dilation which promotes peripheral
• pooping of blood and reduces the workload of the heart.

Positive end expiatory pressure. this is the pressure you have to keep up to prevent alveolar collapse.

angina that occurs without any warning or without precipitating causes. pain at rest  or sitting down.

they are prone to developing right sided heart failure which can lead to increased peripheral edema. and that cause and lead them to become cyanotic

• 1-thoracic discomfort- neck jaw arms and epigastrum
• 2-dyspnea
• 3-nausea/Vomiting
• 4-syncope
• 5-sudden death.

Medulla oblongata.

emphysema patients compensate for chronic hypoxia with overproduction of red blood cells. it causes a pink complexion despite hypoxemia.

• 1- destruction of the mucociliary escalator
• 2-over production of mucous in the airway

-these processes lead to bacteria being trapped in the airways and a higher clip for infection.

is a sever prolonged asthma attack that remains unresponsive to initial treatment of bronchodialator

• 1-destruction of lung tissue
• 2-decreased diameter of the airways
• 3-loss of airway elasticity
• 4-inflammarion of the airway
• 5-increase of mucus prodution
• 6-decreased alveolar tension area.

pulmonary vein

it affects a portion of the lung. then gas exchange is impaired by the resulting inflammation and the buildup of by products from the infection.

its when the body uses oxygen chemo receptors instead of chemo receptors to regulate the respiratory system.

A-fib. common in COPD patients.

it would decrease. hypoxia is a significant warning sign as the severity of the attack.

is the failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of increased resistance to blood flow in the lungs.

• Hemaemisis- vomiting blood
• hematoschezia- bloody stool
• dark tarry stool.

upper gi is due to ulcers and lower gi is due to diverticulitis.

history, nausea vomiting, abdominal pain in the upper left quadrant.

sometimes pains before a meal and during stress.

abdominal pain, fever, pain during urination and pain while walking.

abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, vaginal bleeding or discharge and signs and symptoms of shock.

• Severe abdominal pain
• painful urination
• fever
• nausea vomiting

characterized by violent and unpredictable behavior. unusual strength and pain tolerance. usually together with meth.

threats or threatening behavior. throwing or striking objects. pacing or clenched fists and swearing or shouting.

Listen actively and don't interrupt. don't leave your patient alone. don't give ultimatums. and give space.

Painless vaginal bleeding in the third trimester

it occurs when the placenta attaches to the uterus over the cervical opening. as the cervix dialated the placenta is torn and bleeds.

is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. signs and symptoms are usually painful vaginal bleeding in the third trimester.

delivery of the fetus before the 20th to the 22nd week. usually presents with lower abdominal pain, cramping, vaginal bleeding and passing of tissue or clots.

usually in the third semester. the signs and symptoms usually are sudden weight gain, visual disturbances, swelling everywhere. headache and hypertension.

preeclamsia is the toxemia of the pregnancy

when the mother seizes after preeclampsia. definitely a life threating condition for mother and fetus.

when the fetus compresses the inferior vena cava late in pregnancy. signs and symptoms are dizziness, hypotension, pale skin, and altered LOC.

starts with contractions and ends with full cervical dilation. the cervix is fully dilated at 10 cm

begins with full cervical dilation and ends with the delivery of the baby. mother feels intense pressure and urge to push.

begins once the baby is delivered and ends with the delivery of the placenta. the mother will feel the urge to push again. takes about thirty mins to deliver.

• 1- mom has strong frequent contractions under two mins apart with little breaks between contractions.
• 2- mother feels urge to push
• 3-mother reported passage of the mucous plug or uterine rupture.
• 4-crowning

everything else is just noise and you should be transporting

dry him. suction mouth than nose, begin ventilation to 40-60 if the baby isn't breathing adequately. if heart rate is below 60 begin chest compressions at 3:1

provide blow by oxygen at 4-6 lpm until color improves.

• appearance 2 pink  1-cyanosis hands n feet 0- blue all over.
• pulse-2 over 100 1-under 100 0-no pulse
• grimace crying good 1 so so 0 not
• activity 2- good 1-so so 0 not
• respirations- 2 good 1 so-so 0 not

• poop turns the fluid green, yellow or brownish
• high risk of pneumonia infection if the baby ingest it. if its present clear the mouth then nose once the head clears the canal then. then do it again when the baby comes out then after stimulate it to breathe.

tell momma not to push and place her in a knee to chest position. push the presenting part of the baby away from the cord. TRANSPORT

transport ASAP. if head is trapped use fingers inside to create a V to allow the baby to breathe.

place mom in a knee to chest position and burn rubber.

if the patient loses more than 500 mls. that's abnormal. uterine massage, breast feeding, and treat for shock.

adipose cells begin to break down resulting in ketoacidosis.

graves disease

its a condition that you get exposed to high cortisol levels for too long.

rounded face, pot belly. easy bruising, excessive hunger fatigue,

Visceral pain

• cullen- ecchymosis around the unbilical area
• grey- is ecchymosis around the flank area
• mallory weiss is a tear in the mucous membranes. that causes blood in your vomit.

ruptures the small vessels in the eye, the blood. can happen because of extreme vomiting

it can be hereditary, environmental or immunologic based.

diverticulitis

McBurneys point

Murphys sign

• profuse sweating
• cool clammy skin
• tachycardia
• rapid shallow breathing
• and a body temperature over 100 degrees.